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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

A novel experiment for coupling a Bose-Einstein condensate with two crossed cavity modes

Tobias Donner, Julian Léonard, Moojnoo Lee, Andrea Morales, Thomas M. Karg, Tilman Esslinger

Published Jun 4, 2014• 0 citations
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Abstract

Gate valve ◦ advancing the research area of cold atoms and cavity quantum electrodynamics requires setups with different cavity geometries ◦ typically only modifiable with large effort by breaking the ultra-high vacuum ◦ our approach: use a bipartite vacuum chamber with an integrated load lock chamber ◦ only a small science platform is exchanged ◦ we successfully transfer the platform while maintaining a pressure of ~1∙10-11 mBar in the science chamber The transfer system Properties

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Gate valve ◦ advancing the research area of cold atoms and cavity quantum electrodynamics requires setups with different cavity geometries ◦ typically only modifiable with large effort by breaking the ultra-high vacuum ◦ our approach: use a bipartite vacuum chamber with an integrated load lock chamber ◦ only a small science platform is exchanged ◦ we successfully transfer the platform while maintaining a pressure of ~1∙10-11 mBar in the science chamber The transfer system Properties
We present and characterize an experimental system in which we achieve the integration of an ultrahigh finesse optical cavity with a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). The conceptually novel design of the apparatus for the production of BECs features nested vacuum chambers and an in vacuo magnetic transport configuration. It grants large scale spatial access to the BEC for samples and probes via a modular and exchangeable “science platform.” We are able to produce Rb87 condensates of 5×106 atoms and to output couple continuous atom lasers. The cavity is mounted on the science platform on top of a vibration isolation system. The optical cavity works in the strong coupling regime of cavity quantum electrodynamics and serves as a quantum optical detector for single atoms. This system enables us to study atom optics on a single particle level and to further develop the field of quantum atom optics. We describe the technological modules and the operation of the combined BEC cavity apparatus. Its performance is characterized by single atom detection measurements for thermal and quantum degenerate atomic beams. The atom laser provides a fast and controllable supply of atoms coupling with the cavity mode and allows for an efficient study of atom field interactions in the strong coupling regime. Moreover, the high detection efficiency for quantum degenerate atoms distinguishes the cavity as a sensitive and weakly invasive probe for cold atomic clouds.
A cesium double magneto-optical trap(MOT) system is established to prepare the cold atoms in the ultra-high-vacuum(UHV) chamber for cavity quantum electrodynamics(Cavity-QED) experiment.Utilizing a focused weak continuous-wave laser beam,the cold cesium atoms,which are cooled and trapped from the slow tail of cesium vapor at room temperature,are continuously transferred from vapor-cell MOT to UHV MOT.The effect of the transfer laser detuning upon the steady-state atoms number in UHV MOT,and loading process of double MOT are experimentally investigated.Typical pressures of the vapor-cell MOT and UHV MOT are(～1×10~(-6) Pa) and(～8×10~(-8) Pa,) respectively.Normally(～5×10~7) and(～5×10~6) cold cesium atoms with effective temperature of(72±4 μK) are loaded into the vapor-cell MOT and UHV MOT.
During the two sounding rocket missions MAIUS-2 and MAIUS-3, it is planned to perform sequential and simultaneous dualspecies atom interferometry with Bose-Einstein condensates of Potassium-41 and Rubidium-87. The scientific payload of the MAIUS missions will be launched on-board a VSB-30 sounding rocket launched from Esrange in Sweden. The flights of these rockets allows for approximately 360 s of microgravity conditions. The microgravity environment offers experiments on timescales that are not possible on ground based experiments. To perform long lifetimes of the BEC, a pressure <= 5·10^(-10) mbar needs to be reached and maintained in the vacuum chamber. During ascent of the rocket, vibrational loads of 1.8 g RMS in the frequency range of 20-2000 Hz and accelerations of up to 13 g are applied to the vacuum system and the payload. During re-entry and landing static loads can reach a level of up to 50 g. The ultra-high vacuum system presented in this talk is designed to withstand these loads while maintaining the vacuum quality. Therefore, the sealing technologies and pumping concepts which are used under this challenging requirements, needed to be tested and qualified. This talk presents the ultra-high vacuum system of the MAIUS-2/3 payload in detail, as well as its vibration and qualification tests at the shaker test facility at the Center of Applied Space Technology and Microgravity (ZARM) in Bremen.