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Acta Physica Sinica

Emission spectrum of a cascade three-level atom with orthogonal dipoles interacting with a single-mode field

Qingchun Zhou, 江苏科技大学物理系,镇江 212003

Published Jan 1, 2006• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Under the assumption of orthogonal electrical dipole moments of a cascade three-level atom with equally spaced energy levels, the full quantum theory is applied to study the emission spectrum of the atom interacting resonantly with a single-mode electromagnetic field in an ideal cavity. Spectral calculations for both the intensity-dependent and intensity-independent couplings are performed and the spectra in the cases of orthogonal dipole moments and parallel dipole moments are compared. It is found that some spectral lines disappear for the atom with parallel dipoles due to destructive interference leading to fewer lines compared with the spectrum of the atom with orthogonal dipole moments.

DOI
10.7498/aps.55.4618

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Under the assumption of orthogonal electrical dipole moments of a cascade three-level atom with equally spaced energy levels, the full quantum theory is applied to study the emission spectrum of the atom interacting resonantly with a single-mode electromagnetic field in an ideal cavity. Spectral calculations for both the intensity-dependent and intensity-independent couplings are performed and the spectra in the cases of orthogonal dipole moments and parallel dipole moments are compared. It is found that some spectral lines disappear for the atom with parallel dipoles due to destructive interference leading to fewer lines compared with the spectrum of the atom with orthogonal dipole moments.
By using the method of eigenvalues and eigenstates, the emission and cavity-field spectra of a cascade three-level atom interacting with a single-mode electromagnetic field are studied in both intensity-dependent coupling (IDC) and intensity-independent coupling (IIC) cases. The photon statistics of the field on the spectra are investigated for the initial field in the pure number state, the coherent state and the thermal state. In the resonant case and the strong field limit, the pure-number-state emission spectrum exhibits six peaks and three peaks, respectively, for the IDC case and the IIC case. For a strong initial coherent state field or a strong thermal state field, the central structure of the emission spectrum at the field frequency is a doublet in the IDC case and a singlet in the IIC case. The cavity-field spectrum has three peaks in the IDC case and a single peak in the IIC case in the strong field limit for all of the three kinds of initial fields considered. Results indicate that in the emission spectrum merging of spectral peaks occurs for the IIC case as the initial field becomes stronger while it does not happen for the IDC case.
The eigenfunction method is adopted to investigate atomic emission and cavity field spectra in the system containing a Λ-type three-level atom resonantly' interacting with a single-mode field.The atom is assumed initially in the upper atomic state and intensity-dependent coupling is taken into account.It is found that the splitting between the lower levels has a great influence on the spectral structure for both the emission spectrum and the cavity field spectrum.Combination of spectral lines does not take place with increasing intensity of the initial field and the cavity spectrum is not sensitive to the statistics of the initial field.
The cavity field spectrum of a cascade three-level atom interacting with single-mode field with Kerr-like medium in the cavity is investigated. The numerical results for the initial field in pure number state, coherent state and squeezed vacuum state are calculated, respectively. It is found that the Kerr-like medium affects the spectral structure even though the initial field is in vacuum when the atom is in upper level. In the case of strong input field, the number state spectrum shows two peaks with different heights; and the superposition state spectrum shows a multi-peak structure with an equal distance of two neighboring peaks. The spectral ``central frequency" shifts away from the resonant frequency with the increasing of average photon number.
By using the method of eigenvectors, the atomic populations and emission spectrum are investigated in a system that consists of a cascade three-level atom resonantly interacting with a single-mode field in a Kerr-like medium. The atom and the field are assumed to be initially in the upper atomic state and the Fock state, respectively. Results for models with intensity-dependent coupling and with intensity-independent coupling are compared. It is found that both population dynamics and emission spectrum show no indications of atom-field decoupling in the strong field limit if the intensity-dependent coupling is taken into account.
A full quantum theory is applied to the investigation of the cavity field spectrum of a system containing the cascade three-level atom,initially in the most excited state,interacting with the single mode of a Kerr-medium filled cavity.The vacuum Rabi splitting of the system is found affected by Kerr nonlinearity,contrary to the two-level atom case.For an initial Fock-state field,the Kerr effects are mainly reflected by the asymmetry of the spectrum and a change in the number of spectral peaks if the coupling between the field and the Kerr medium is weak.The effects are also reflected by receding away from the resonant frequency of the central resonant peak in the absence of the Kerr medium if the field-medium coupling is strong.For an initial thermal field,the cavity spectrum can be a continuous band or discrete lines depending on the strength of the Kerr effect.
The cavity field spectrum of a cascade three-level atom interacting with a single-mode field in an ideal cavity is investigated. When the atom is in the upper level and the field is vacuum initially,the number of Rabi peaks changes according to 2→6→4→2→4 with the increase of R=g2/g1,and all Rabi peaks disappear for R1 Three-peak,five-peak or seven-peak structure appear for weak initial fields,and single resonance peak appears for a st rong field. When the atom is in the middle level initially,the cavity field spectrum is of a two-peak structure with R=1 as the spectrum of Jaynes-Cummings model.