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Acta Physica Sinica

Studys of characteristics for pump-induced emission and anharmonic cavity-QED in quantum dot-cavity systems

Xiang Chen, Mi Xian-Wu

Published Jan 1, 2011• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Theoretical derivation and numerical calculation achieve the quantum dot numerically exact multi-photon emission spectra starting from the interaction of quantum dot and cavity,using the master equation that includes incoherent pumping and pure dephasing and combines with the quantum regression theorem, and considering the relevant initial conditions.Then comparing the multi-photon(fermion statistics) spectra with the one-thoton(boson system) correlation level, our analysis shows that according to the fermion statistics the pure dephasing, and the thermal bath model, an excellent fitting to the data is obtained with the recent experimental of Ref[22] results in a quantum dot-micropiller cavity system. The theory and the recent experiments both show pump-induced stimulated emission and anharmonic cavity-QED in quantum dot-cavity systems.

DOI
10.7498/aps.60.044202

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Theoretical derivation and numerical calculation achieve the quantum dot numerically exact multi-photon emission spectra starting from the interaction of quantum dot and cavity,using the master equation that includes incoherent pumping and pure dephasing and combines with the quantum regression theorem, and considering the relevant initial conditions.Then comparing the multi-photon(fermion statistics) spectra with the one-thoton(boson system) correlation level, our analysis shows that according to the fermion statistics the pure dephasing, and the thermal bath model, an excellent fitting to the data is obtained with the recent experimental of Ref[22] results in a quantum dot-micropiller cavity system. The theory and the recent experiments both show pump-induced stimulated emission and anharmonic cavity-QED in quantum dot-cavity systems.
We investigate the power-dependent photoluminescence spectra from a strongly coupled quantum dot-cavity system using a quantum master equation technique that accounts for incoherent pumping, stimulated emission, pure dephasing, and fermion or boson statistics. Analytical spectra at the one-photon correlation level and the numerically exact multiphoton spectra for fermions are presented. Master equation models that neglect stimulated emission processes are shown to lead to unphysical predictions at high powers, such as negative mean photon numbers. We compare to recent experiments on a quantum dot-micropillar cavity system and show that an excellent fit to the data can be obtained by varying only the incoherent pump rates in direct correspondence with the experiments. Our theory and experiments together show convincing evidence for stimulated-emission induced broadening and anharmonic cavity quantum electrodynamics.
The quantum dot-cavity system was investigated using a quantum master equation that took incoherent pumping,stimulated emission and pure dephasing into consideration,and analytical emission spectra at cavity and dot were presented.The theoretical analysis results show that the pure dephasing shifts the emission intensity towards the cavity frequency in non-resonant coupling system and thus can be a very good explanation of the non-resonantly coupled cavity effective emission effect.In order to further study the application of pure dephasing in the quantum dot-cavity coupled systems,the effective quantum dot-cavity coupling rate and the efficiency of the single photon source for detuned systems were introduced,and good cavity and bad ragime were able to be defined through comparing the effective quantum dot-cavity coupling rate and the cavity decay rate.Influence of the pure dephasing on the efective coupling rate and the efficiency of the single photon source were investigated in resonance and detuning selected two set of theoretical parameters according to the experimental data.The results show that the pure dephasing can increase the efftive quantum dot-cavity coupling and the efficiency of single photon source for detuned system and thus may make a transition from bad cavity to good cavity ragime;a set of parameters having larger coupling efficiency in a certain range can meet good cavity ragime that its single photon sources efficiency is obviously better than the other set.Compared with bad cavity regime laser in non-resonant coupling system,the good cavity regime is a necessary condition to achieve single quantum dot lasers;the Fano function shows no evidence of a maximum in the non-resonant coupling system and thus there is no laser threshold in this system.
We investigate a quantum-dot-based cavity system via the master-equation approach. The dynamics of the system is greatly affected by dissipation and dephasing processes. We include these phenomena to the theory through the master equation. The dissipation effects such as cavity loss, spontaneous recombination of excitons, and incoherent pumping are considered. The dephasing process is included as an electron--acoustic-phonon interaction. An intrinsic feature of solid-state cavity systems is the presence of electron-phonon interaction, which distinguishes this system from atomic cavity quantum electrodynamics. Due to the temperature dependence of phonons we use the complete form of the master equation (temperature dependence of dissipation rates) in this paper. We study the emission spectrum and photon statistics of the system. We show that cavity mode emission depends on temperature, and temperature strongly affects the photon statistics.
Multi-photon lasing has been realized in systems with strong nonlinear interactions between emitters and cavity modes, where single-photon processes are suppressed. Coherence between the internal states of a quantum emitter, or among multiple emitters, plays a key role. Such continuous nonclassical sources of light can find applications in quantum computation, quantum sensing, quantum metrology, and quantum communication. This thesis explores the multi-photon lasing phenomena in various quantum dot-photonic crystal cavity quantum electrodynamic (QED) setups. Exciton-phonon interactions are inevitable in such systems and are incorporated using the polaron-transformed master equation. The Born-Markov approximation is employed to obtain the reduced density matrix rate equation. Using quantum laser theory, we derived the Scully-Lamb laser rate equations and evaluated the single- and multi-photon excess emission rates defined as the difference between emission and absorption rates into the cavity mode without mean-field approximations. We investigated cooperative two-photon lasing, correlated emission lasing, hyperradiant lasing, non-degenerate two-mode two-photon lasing, and continuous variable entanglement in open quantum systems with single or multiple semiconductor quantum dots (two-level, three-level, and four-level) driven coherently/incoherently and coupled to single/ bimodal cavities.
Electron-phonon coupling in semiconductor quantum dots plays a significant role in determining the optical properties of excited excitons, especially the spectral nature of emitted photons. This paper presents a comprehensive theory and analysis of emission spectra from artificial atoms or quantum dots coupled to structured photon reservoirs and acoustic phonons, when excited with incoherent pump fields. As specific examples of structured reservoirs, we chose a Lorentzian cavity and a slow-light coupled-cavity waveguide, which have both been explored experimentally. For the case of optical cavities, we directly compare and contrast the spectra from three well-known and distinct theoretical approaches to treat electron-phonon coupling, including a Markovian polaron master equation, a non-Markovian phonon correlation expansion technique, and a semiclassical linear susceptibility approach, and we point out the limitations of these models. For the cavity-QED polaron master equation, which treats the cavity-mode operator at the level of a system operator, we give closed form analytical solutions to the phonon-assisted scattering rates in the weak excitation approximation, fully accounting for temperature, cavity-exciton detuning, and cavity-dot coupling. We also show explicitly why the semiclassical linear susceptibility approach fails to correctly account for phonon-mediated cavity feeding. For weakly coupled cavities, we calculate the optical spectra using a more general photon reservoir polaron master-equation approach, and explain its differences from the above approaches in the low-QQQ limit of a Lorentzian cavity. We subsequently use this general reservoir approach to calculate the emission spectra from quantum dots coupled to slow-light photonic crystal waveguides, which demonstrate a number of striking photon-phonon coupling effects.