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Signal replication by multiple sum- or difference-frequency generation

Colin J. McKinstrie, Anjali Agarwal, T.C. Banwell, James M. Dailey

Published Sep 10, 2015• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, the coupled-mode equations for sum-frequency generation (SFG) and difference-frequency generation (DFG) driven by multiple pumps are solved, and the noise figures of idler generation are determined. For SFG, the (common) noise figure is n, the number of pumps (and idlers), whereas for DFG, the (common) noise figure is 2, independent of n. Thus, DFG driven by multiple pumps enables the generation of multiple low-noise idlers.

DOI
10.1364/oe.23.024675

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In this paper, the coupled-mode equations for sum-frequency generation (SFG) and difference-frequency generation (DFG) driven by multiple pumps are solved, and the noise figures of idler generation are determined. For SFG, the (common) noise figure is n, the number of pumps (and idlers), whereas for DFG, the (common) noise figure is 2, independent of n. Thus, DFG driven by multiple pumps enables the generation of multiple low-noise idlers.
Consider sum frequency generation (SFG) ω3 = 2 ω1 + ω2 in a phase matched metal-noble gas mixture, using two lasers ω1 and ω2, where 2 ω1 is tuned to a two photon transition Ωg2 and ω2 is shifted across Rydberg transitions Ω2n (g groundstate, 2 excited state, n Rydberg state of the metal atom). Then the intensity of the SFG spectrum I3 (ω3)~ |χ(3) (ω3)|2 displays resonances and related antiresonances, separated by (1) which are caused respectively by constructive and destructive interference of resonant and nonresonant parts of the 3. order nonlinear susceptibility χ(3) (ω3 ≃ Ωng) = χR(ω3)+ χNR (3) The products μ2nμng:= xn of the dipole transition matrix elements may then be obtained from a simple measurement of the frequency spacings Δωn at a large number of transitions Ωgn and solving iteratively the coupled equation system (1),(3); neither absolute radiation intensity nor vapour density deter mination is needed.
In this thesis, high-efficiency frequency conversion Sum Frequency Generation (SFG) is theoretically analyzed and experimentally demonstrated. Our approach to SFG consists of two input phase conjugated broadband signal and idler beams undergoing SFG. By using the signal waveform as a gating beam, a specific mode may be recognized and separated out, providing a promising method for mode selection. The signal and idler are produced by a monochromatic pump and a broadband signal through Difference Frequency Generation (DFG). To obtain good mode selectivity, high conversion efficiency of the selected mode is required. We study the factors that influence the conversion efficiency of the selected mode, like the length of the waveguide and the power of the gating beam. The highest conversion efficiency of the mode achieved is over 90%. By breaking the correlation between mode and gating beams, we find around 40% conversion efficiency of the mismatched mode.
In this paper, we investigate a two electronic level system with vibrational modes coupled to a Brownian oscillator bath. The difference frequency generation (DFG) signals and sum frequency generation (SFG) signals are calculated. It is shown that, for the same model, the SFG signals are more sensitive than the DFG signals to the changes of the vibrational modes of the electronic two-level system. Because the SFG conversion efficiency can be improved by using the time-delay method, the findings in this paper predict that the SFG spectrum may probe the changes of the microstructure more effectively.