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Acta Physica Sinica

IMPROVEMENTS ON THE PERTURBED HARMONIC OSCILLATOR LADDER OPERATORS METHOD IN THE NON LINEAR QUANTUM FIELD THEORY AND THE LASER THEORY

Fubin Li, 淮北煤炭师范学院物理系,安徽

Published Jan 1, 1989• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The interaction potential with the form as V(x)= x2+λx2/(1+gx2) where g >0, appears in several areas of laser theory, quantum field theory, atom and nuclear physics. One could consider that the solution of the eigenequation either by the classical Rayleigh-Schr?dinger perturbation scheme or by the perturbed ladder operators scheme. Nevertheless, the perturbation series does not converge for any values of λ and g. In the present paper, it is shown that this difficulty can be overcome as long as the potential function can be expanded in a convergent series on the basis ofthe Hermite polynomials. Therefore, the eigenequation ((d2)/(dx2)-V(x)+ξ)φ(x)=0,∞2)/(dX2)-b2X2-Σkc2kH2k(b1/2X)+ξ)φ(X)=0.

DOI
10.7498/aps.38.879

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The interaction potential with the form as V(x)= x2+λx2/(1+gx2) where g >0, appears in several areas of laser theory, quantum field theory, atom and nuclear physics. One could consider that the solution of the eigenequation either by the classical Rayleigh-Schr?dinger perturbation scheme or by the perturbed ladder operators scheme. Nevertheless, the perturbation series does not converge for any values of λ and g. In the present paper, it is shown that this difficulty can be overcome as long as the potential function can be expanded in a convergent series on the basis ofthe Hermite polynomials. Therefore, the eigenequation ((d2)/(dx2)-V(x)+ξ)φ(x)=0,∞2)/(dX2)-b2X2-Σkc2kH2k(b1/2X)+ξ)φ(X)=0.
The perturbed ladder operators method is applied to the resolution of the perturbed harmonic oscillator wave equation for the case where the perturbation is expandable in a convergent series of Hermite polynomials H k , when V(X)=b 2 X 2 + Sigma k C k H k (b 1 2/X). It is found that the use of a Hermite polynomials basis, together with the use of binomial coefficient functions in the quantum number, greatly simplifies the determination of the perturbed ladder and factorisation functions. Thus, one obtains analytical expressions of the eigenenergies and eigenfunctions up to any order of the perturbation, without increasing intricacy. Thorough calculation has been given for a perturbing potential V(X) function even in X. As an illustrative application of the procedure, the resolution of the Schrodinger equation with a potential function V(X)=X 2 + lambda X 2 /(1+gX 2 ), g>0 is reinvestigated.
Perturbation methods are generally used for solving wave operator equations associated with the determination of effective Hamiltonians.In many cases the standard Rayleigh-Schrödinger and Brillouin-Wigner series either converge slowly or diverge.Therefore it is necessary to modify or to renormalize the standard wave equations.For that purpose derivative and convergence superoperators within the Ralyeigh-Schrödinger and Brillouin-Wigner formalisms were introduced.A new efficient approximation for convergence superoperators is investigated in this paper.Its application to a model system of N non-interacting molecules shows that this approximation can overcome convergence difficulties.
By mapping the perturbation scheme onto the ladder operator formalism, the field of application of the Schrodinger-Infeld-Hull factorisation method is enlarged. It is shown how, at each order of the perturbation, perturbed ladder operators can be constructed. Thus, without having to calculate explicitly either the excited unperturbed functions or any matrix element, one obtains analytical expressions of the perturbed eigenvalues in terms of the quantum numbers of the factorisable unperturbed problem. A three-terms recurrence relation, valid at any rank of the perturbation, is derived and leads to closed form expressions of the perturbed eigenfunctions. Consequently, a closed form expression of any matrix element on the basis of the perturbed eigenfunctions is easily obtained from the calculation of one unique particular integral.
Quantum harmonic oscillator (QHO) involves square law potential (x2) in the Schrodinger equation and is a fundamental problem in quantum mechanics. It can be solved by various conventional methods such as (i) analytical methods where Hermite polynomials are involved, (ii) algebraic methods where ladder operators are involved, and (iii) approximation methods where perturbation, variational, semiclassical, etc. techniques are involved. Here we present the general outcomes of the two conventional semiclassical approximation methods: the JWKB method (named after Jeffreys, Wentzel, Kramers, and Brillouin) and the MAF method (abbreviated for “modified Airy functions”) to solve the QHO in a very good precision. Although JWKB is an approximation method, it interestingly gives the exact solution for the QHO except for the classical turning points (CTPs) where it diverges as typical to the JWKB. As the MAF method, it enables very approximate wave functions to be written in terms of Airy functions without any discontinuity in the entire domain, though, it needs careful treatment since Airy functions exhibit too much oscillatory behavior. Here, we make use of the parity conditions of the QHO to find the exact JWKB and approximate MAF solutions of the QHO within the capability of these methods.
In the present work we study the differential operator H=−(1/2)d2/dx2 +m2x2/2+g/x2. This operator known as the Hamiltonian of the quantal oscillator has been a matter of study since the beginning of quantum mechanics. Recently, it has become again actual after the paper of Calogero where the correspondent N body problem (developed in many works) is studied. Parisi and the author have used H as Hamiltonian, studying the anomalous dimensions in one-dimensional quantum field theory. Finally, Klauder, using H as a simple degree of freedom example, has studied some qualitative features of quantum theories with singular interaction potentials. In the following work we are going to study H, showing that H is equivalent to ``half an harmonic oscillator'' for the odd and even eigenspaces separately.
We introduce a non perturbative general approximation scheme (NGAS) that can handle interactions of any strength in quantum theory. This approach starts with an input Hamiltonian that can be solved exactly. The interaction effects are then built into this Hamiltonian through nonlinear feedback enforced by self consistency conditions. While the method itself is nonperturbative it can be systematically improved using a new perturbation method called 'mean field perturbation theory' which does not involve power series expansion in any small parameter. We put this scheme to the test on one dimensional anharmonic interactions using the harmonic approximation. The results are consistently accurate across various cases including quartic, sextic, and octic anharmonic oscillators, as well as the quartic double well oscillator (QDWO) even when the coupling strength varies widely. The flexibility of the method is demonstrated when we swap the input Hamiltonian for that of an infinite square well and still achieve comparable accuracy. When applied to the λϕ4 quantum field theory this approach aligns with the Gaussian effective potential method under the harmonic approximation. Beyond that it reveals the condensate structure of the effective vacuum and highlights the instability of the perturbative ground state. Notably, our ground-state energy results for the QDWO stand in stark contrast to those from standard perturbation theory where Borel summation fails regardless of coupling strength.