Frequency-modulated light was generated by the application of a magnetic field oscillating at frequencies in the range 1-10 MHz to mercury vapour undergoing resonance fluorescence. The characteristics of the fluorescent light have been studied. When the primary illumination in the plane perpendicular to the field is anisotropic the sigma components are coherently excited. The light emitted along the field is then polarization-modulated. It becomes intensity-modulated if it is passed through a linear analyser. The light emitted obliquely to the magnetic field is intensity-modulated without passing through an analyser. The amplitudes of these modulations show resonance behaviour under the application of an additional static field parallel to the oscillating field. The polarization-modulated light was used to excite resonance fluorescence in a second cell of mercury vapour. The fluorescent light is intensity-modulated. The amplitude of modulation shows resonance behaviour when harmonics of the driving frequency coincide with Zeeman intervals in the excited atoms. These resonances have been explored in detail. They are satisfactorily interpreted by a theory given in an accompanying paper.
A treatment of resonance fluorescence is given in which the properties of the incident and scattered light are expressed in terms of coherency matrices. Calculations are made for two successive scattering processes corresponding to the experiments described in an accompanying paper. For the first process the scattering atoms are subjected to a magnetic field consisting of parallel static and oscillating components. The fluorescent light is frequency-modulated and may also be polarization-modulated. This light excites fluorescence in a second cell in which the atoms are subjected to a static magnetic field. The equations show under what conditions the second fluorescence is intensity-modulated and describe the resonances in the amplitude of modulation which occur when the modulation frequency matches a Zeeman interval of the excited atoms.