The Electromagnetic Field

Lazar Mayants

Jerzy Dajka, J. Łuczka

We analyze SQUID coupled to a nonclassical electromagnetic field (NEM) and show that properties of the SQUID can be manipulated by a choice of a state of NEM. In particular, energy or fluctuations of magnetic flux threading the loop of the SQUID can be resolved into separate lines for each photon number state of one-mode NEM. The impact of two-mode NEM prepared in entangled Bell states is discussed. The findings suggest an experimental method of detection of photon states: the SQUID response is dependent on the number of photons in one-mode NEM and on the Bell states of a two-mode NEM.

Gert Roepstorff

Luis Gerardo Pedraza Saavedra

The electromagnetic field commutation relations are defined in terms of geometric factors that are double averages over two finite four-dimensional space-time regions. The square root of any of the uncertainty relations derived from the aforementioned commutators is taken as a critical field, in the sense that any electromagnetic field much larger than it can be treated as classical. Another critical electromagnetic field associated with the quantum information control of vacuum fluctuations can be chosen as the square root of the mean quadratic fluctuation of each quantity of electromagnetic field, when the number of photons is defined and is equal to zero. Any electromagnetic field expectation value could be measured if it is much greater than the last critical field. This article covers a magnitude order comparison between the critical fields and its consequences for measuring the electromagnetic field information.

O. B. Prepelitsa

Quantum-electrodynamic processes that take place in the presence of a squeezed electromagnetic field are discussed. Integral formulas are derived that make it possible to express the probability of any process in a squeezed electromagnetic field in terms of the probability of the same process in a classical electromagnetic field. The main laws that govern processes of first order in the fine-structure constant as functions of the number of photons involved and the quantum fluctuations are examined. Tunneling formulas for the probability of a photon producing an electron-positron pair in a strong squeezed field are derived. Also, resonant electron-electron scattering is examined and the scattering cross section as a function of the statistical properties of the field (the way the field has been squeezed) is investigated. It is found that the quantum fluctuations of the squeezed electromagnetic field give rise to an increase in the scattering cross section, with the probability of the process in a phase-squeezed electromagnetic field always being higher than the probability of the process in an amplitude-squeezed electromagnetic field.

Jan-Markus Schwindt