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Chinese Physics Letters

Temperature Dependence of Atomic Decay Rate

Jian-Jun Zhang, Ze Cheng

Published Feb 1, 2012• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the decay rate of an atom in a two-dimensional optical microcavity in which there exists a Bose-Einstein condensation of photons. It is found that below the critical temperature T c , the atomic decay rate depends on the absolute temperature T . Especially, at absolute zero temperature almost all photons are in the condensate state, and the atom can be approximately treated as if it is in vacuum.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/29/2/023201

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Bose-Einstein condensation, the macroscopic ground state occupation of a system of bosonic particles below a critical temperature, has been observed in cold atomic gases and solid-state physics quasiparticles. In contrast, photons do not show this phase transition usually, because in Planck's blackbody radiation the particle number is not conserved and at low temperature the photons disappear in the walls of the system. Here we report on the realization of a photon Bose-Einstein condensate in a dye-filled optical microcavity, which acts as a "white-wall" photon box. The cavity mirrors provide a trapping potential and a non-vanishing effective photon mass, making the system formally equivalent to a two-dimensional gas of trapped massive bosons. Thermalization of the photon gas is reached in a number conserving way by multiple scattering off the dye molecules. Signatures for a BEC upon increased photon density are: a spectral distribution that shows Bose-Einstein distributed photon energies with a macroscopically populated peak on top of a broad thermal wing, the observed threshold of the phase transition showing the predicted absolute value and scaling with resonator geometry, and condensation appearing at the trap centre even for a spatially displaced pump spot.
We investigate the Bose-Einstein condensation of photons and photon pairs in a two-dimension optical microcavity. We find that in the paraxial approximation, the mixed gas of photons and photon pairs is formally equivalent to a two dimension system of massive bosons with non-vanishing chemical potential, which implies the existence of two possible condensate phase. We also discuss the quantum phase transition of the system and obtain the critical point analytically. Moreover, we find that the quantum phase transition of the system can be interpreted as second harmonic generation.
Abstract The critical temperature of Bose–Einstein condensation essentially depends on internal properties of the system as well as on the geometry of a trapping potential. The peculiarities of defining the phase transition temperature of Bose–Einstein condensation for different systems are reviewed, including homogenous Bose gas, trapped Bose atoms, and bosons in optical lattices. The method of self-similar approximants, convenient for calculating critical temperature, is briefly delineated.