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Chinese Physics B

Non-Gaussian quantum states generation and robust quantum non-Gaussianity via squeezing field

Xubing Tang, Fang Gao, Yao-xiong Wang, Sen Kuang, Feng Shuang

Published Feb 26, 2015• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Recent studies show that quantum non-Gaussian states or using non-Gaussian operations can improve entanglement distillation, quantum swapping, teleportation, and cloning. In this work, employing a strategy of non-Gaussian operations (namely subtracting and adding a single photon), we propose a scheme to generate non-Gaussian quantum states named single-photon-added and -subtracted coherent (SPASC) superposition states by implementing Bell measurements, and then investigate the corresponding nonclassical features. By squeezed the input field, we demonstrate that robustness of non-Gaussianity can be improved. Controllable phase space distribution offers the possibility to approximately generate a displaced coherent superposition states (DCSS). The fidelity can reach up to F ≥ 0.98 and F ≥ 0.90 for size of amplitude z = 1.53 and 2.36, respectively.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/24/3/034208

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Quantum state preparation is an essential ingredient in quantum information processing. In this letter, based on quantum coherent control induced by Bell measurement, non-Gaussian operations, namely adding (subtracting) one single photon to (from) Gaussian-like input signal field, has been implemented to generate a single-photon-added and -subtracted coherent (SPASC) superposition state. In order to carry out the coherent control, a specified conceptual experiment apparatus has been proposed. By adjusting beamsplitter reflectivity and parameter gain of χ(2) nonlinear crystal, the ingredients of this superposition state can be manipulated. With the help of quasi-probability distribution Wigner function, the evolution of non-classical properties with two controllable parameters can be visualized for this superposition state. The results show a quantum non-Gaussian superposition state can be generated by the measurement-induced coherent control scheme.
Abstract In this paper, we aim to introduce a new state called photon-subtracted-then-added squeezing-enhanced coherent state (PSASECS) by multiple photon subtraction and then addition to a squeezing-enhanced coherent state. We investigate the non-Gaussianity and nonclassicality of this new state in detail, including its Wigner function, sub-Poissonian statistics, Q -function, squeezing, and antibunching properties. The obtained results indicate that these non-Gaussian and nonclassical characteristics have been enhanced by appropriately changing between photon subtraction l and photon addition k . Additionally, the non-Gaussianity and nonclassicality of PSASECS are enhanced compared to cases involving only the addition or subtraction of photons. This demonstrates the importance of subtracting and then adding photons to the squeezing-enhanced coherent state, and introducing a significant state for application in quantum optics, particularly in mitigating phase noise fluctuations in quantum devices.
Abstract Pair coherent states (PCSs) as a kind of two-mode non-Gaussian and nonclassical states were introduced and studied. Some nonclassical characteristics of them such as two-mode sum-squeezing, two-mode antibunching, and entanglement have been well investigated. In this paper, we focus on studying the superposition of photon addition and subtraction to the PCSs called superposition of photon-added and photon-subtracted pair coherent states (SPAPSPCSs). Our main purpose is to show that the non-Gaussian feature and all the above-mentioned nonclassical properties of the SPAPSPCSs can be enhanced compared with the photon-added-and-subtracted two modes pair coherent states (PAASTMPCSs) and the original PCSs. In general, we demonstrate that the SPAPSPCSs have more enhanced non-Gaussian character and nonclassical properties than the PCSs and the PAASTMPCSs by examining the negativity of the Wigner function. Specifically, we indicate that both the SPAPSPCSs and the PAASTMPCSs can exist in two-mode sum-squeezing while the original PCSs (without photon-addition and photon-subtraction) cannot, and the degree of squeezing is stronger in the SPAPSPCSs than in the PAASTMPCSs. The obtained results also indicate that the superposition of photon addition and subtraction of the SPAPSPCSs plays a vital role in enhancing the two-mode antibunching property and the entanglement degree compared with the PCSs and the PAASTMPCSs.
The entanglement properties of non-Gaussian states are investigated, which are obtained by performing the photon addition, photon subtraction, photon-addition-then-subtraction, and photon-subtraction-then-addition operations on the two-mode squeezed vacuum state. We show that the partial von Neumann entropy of all the resulting states is greater than that of the original squeezed state, but only the photon-subtracted states and the photon-added-then-subtracted states have the stronger Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlation than the original squeezed state. Quantum teleportation of Braunstein and Kimble protocol is studied for coherent states, squeezed states, and mixed Gaussian states with the non-Gaussian entangled resources. For all the states to be teleported, the fidelity with the photon-subtracted and the photon-added-then-subtracted entangled resources is higher than that with the two-mode squeezed vacuum resource. Based on Bures fidelity, we find that quantum teleportation for mixed and classical single-mode Gaussian states is more faithful than for single-mode Gaussian states with high purity and nonclassicality.
The non-Gaussian operations effected by adding or subtracting a photon on entangled optical beams emerging from a parametric down-conversion process have been suggested to enhance entanglement. Heralded photon addition or subtraction is, as a matter of fact, at the heart of continuous-variable entanglement distillation. The use of such processes has recently been experimentally demonstrated in the context of the generation of optical coherent-state superpositions or the verification of canonical commutation relations. Here, we carry out a systematic study of the effect of local photon additions and subtractions on a two-mode squeezed vacuum state, showing that the entanglement generally increases with the number of such operations. This is analytically proven when additions or subtractions are restricted to one mode only, while we observe that the highest entanglement is achieved when these operations are equally shared between the two modes. We also note that adding photons typically provides a stronger entanglement enhancement than subtracting photons, while photon subtraction performs better in terms of energy efficiency. Furthermore, we analyze the interplay between entanglement and non-Gaussianity, showing that it is more subtle than previously expected.
Abstract This paper investigates the quantum features of non-Gaussian states generated by applying a two-mode squeezing operator S ˆ a b ( s ) to two generalized single-mode squeezed vacuum states (SVSs), each formed by the superposition of an SVS and a single–photon–subtracted SVS. The results show that, in the new states, the two-mode squeezing effect, the Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) correlation, the Hillery–Zubairy entanglement, and the linear entropy are all enhanced as the two-mode squeezing parameter s increases. Moreover, both the degrees of squeezing and entanglement are improved and exceed those of the two-mode squeezed vacuum state (TMSVS) for stronger single-mode squeezing parameters. The optimal conditions for achieving such enhancements are identified for different regimes, depending on whether the generalized SVSs are purely Gaussian, maximally non-Gaussian, or intermediate states. In an application, the quantum Cramér–Rao bound (QCRB) is evaluated when the non-Gaussian states are employed as inputs to a Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI). The results further demonstrate that the enhanced phase sensitivity in the MZI originates from both the squeezing strengths and the intrinsic photon-subtraction operation. These findings highlight the potential of the new non-Gaussian states as promising resources for quantum metrology and quantum sensing.