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Laser Physics

Experimental investigation of the light shift effect in an optical-magnetic double resonance system

C J Li, Sining Huang

Published May 18, 2015• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate an experimental scheme for studying the light shift effect in an optical magnetic double resonance system by using 4 He atoms. The dependences of the light shift caused by left- and right-circularly polarized laser light, respectively with laser frequency detuning and laser power are investigated, which show good agreement with theoretical analysis. Based on these, the above parameters are optimized in order to reduce light shift effect for a typical optical magnetic double resonance system.

DOI
10.1088/1054-660x/25/6/065005

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We demonstrate an experimental scheme for studying the light shift effect in an optical magnetic double resonance system by using 4 He atoms. The dependences of the light shift caused by left- and right-circularly polarized laser light, respectively with laser frequency detuning and laser power are investigated, which show good agreement with theoretical analysis. Based on these, the above parameters are optimized in order to reduce light shift effect for a typical optical magnetic double resonance system.
We report a laser-pumped 4He atomic magnetometer with light shift suppression through the atomic sensor itself. A linearly polarized light is used to optically align the 4He metastable atoms and we monitor the magneto-optical double resonance (MODR) signals produced by the left- and right-circularly orthogonal components. It is shown that light shift leads to the atomic alignment to orientation conversion effect, and thus, the difference between the two MODR signals. One of these two MODR signals is locked at the Larmor frequency and is used to measure the ambient magnetic field, while the differential signal is, simultaneously, fed back to suppress the light shift. The scheme could be of the advantage to the design of compact magnetometers by reducing the systematic errors due to light shift.
A double pass optical-magnetic double resonance system is proposed and applied for observing and manipulating the light shift in metastable . By adjusting the degree of overlap in space between the incident and retro-reflected laser beams, the manipulation on light shift is realized and a flat range for light shift insensitive to optical frequency detuning can be formed. A simple hole-burning model based on velocity-selective optical pumping, including the velocity diffusion effect caused by velocity-changing collisions, is adopted to qualitatively clarify the light shift observed in the double pass system.
Optical manipulation of spin coherence in rubidium atoms is studied. The effect of off-resonant and circularly polarized light on optically induced magnetization is investigated. The change in precession frequency caused by the light-shift effect is verified. Absorption-free phase control of spin precession and pure spin rotation about an arbitrary axis are demonstrated. A theory of precession frequency shift that includes the effect of absorption is considered by using the density matrix and the experimental results are in agreement with the predictions of the theory. Thus, we show that it is possible to carry out off-resonant control of spin coherence and all-optical manipulation of spins.
The optical Hanle effect (light-shift-induced zero-field level crossing) has been investigated theoretically and experimentally. In the case of a $J=0\ensuremath{\rightarrow}1\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$ three-level system and of a $J=0\ensuremath{\rightarrow}1$ two-level system, the resonance line shape has been obtained using a nonlinear-response-function method. Approximate expressions, valid under the conditions for the observation of light shifts, are obtained and compared with exact calculations as well as with the corresponding expression for the magnetic Hanle effect. As concerns the weak laser beam which produces the coherent excitation of atomic substates, we have calculated the linear response in the limiting case of monochromatic and of broad-band excitation. The experimental investigation has been performed for the Ba resonance line using two cw dye lasers at $\ensuremath{\lambda}=5535$ \AA{} and an atomic beam. The absorption- and dispersion-shaped level crossing resonances have been observed, for narrow- and broad-band excitation, by varying the power of the strong nonresonant laser beam. We have checked that the line shapes are only dependent upon the reduced variable $\frac{{P}_{L}}{\ensuremath{\delta}}$ (PL{P}_{L}PL​; beam power; $\ensuremath{\delta}$: frequency detuning). Using the theoretical expressions, we have tried to fit the experimental curves. Provided that the Gaussian distribution of the beams is taken into account, we have obtained a good agreement between theory and experiment for the whole set of experimental data.
Light shift arising from the circularly polarized pump beam in atomic magnetometers can induce an undesired magnetic response, and thus affect their accuracy. Here, the light shift and the corresponding cross-talk effect in the magnetometer have been investigated, and a scheme with an additional off-resonant pump beam with an appropriate polarization and intensity has been proposed to effectively reject the light shift. And the experimental results reproduce the expected behavior. This scheme provides a powerful tool to reject the light shift in optical pumping systems, in particular, the hybrid optically pumped systems.
In this study, we investigate a compact double-resonance scalar magnetometer employing a single detuned elliptically polarized laser beam. A multipass cavity is incorporated to enhance the Faraday rotation signal. We observe asymmetric atomic response line shapes and resonance frequency shifts under non-collimated beam propagation through the vapor cell, and attribute these effects to light shifts. Experimental measurements of these light-shift effects are presented and show agreements with numerical simulations. Moreover, we demonstrate that this light shift can be significantly suppressed using a compensation method developed in our earlier work.