Entanglement decoherence of two particles interacting with the same environment is investigated by means of concurrence and the input-output fidelity. It is found that the entangled states of two-particle system can be divided into two kinds, coherence-preserving states and fragile entangled states. The dynamics of entanglement decoherence for fragile entangled states is discussed by taking into account the ohmic dissipation under the low temperature approximation.
Entanglement decoherence of two particles interacting with the same environment is investigated by means of concurrence and the input-output fidelity. It is found that the entangled states of two-particle system can be divided into two kinds, coherence-preserving states and fragile entangled states. The dynamics of entanglement decoherence for fragile entangled states is discussed by taking into account the ohmic dissipation under the low temperature approximation.
The interaction between entangled multi-particle systems with the environment leads to both local dynamics, associated with single-particle dissipation, diffusion, and decay, and to global dynamics, which may provoke the disappearance of entanglement at a finite time [1-6]. This phenomenon may occur even when single-particle decoherence is asymptotic in time, and constitutes yet another distinct trait of entanglement. It has been recently demonstrated, for two qubits under the action of independent environments, using an all-optical setup [7]. In this talk, some of the peculiarities of the dynamics of two-qubit entangled states undergoing decoherence will be reviewed, new features of the experiment realized at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro [7] will be described, and the extension of these considerations to multi-particle entangled states will be discussed. Scaling laws for the decay of entanglement and its finite-time extinction in multi-particle systems will be discussed.
We study the time evolution of two two-state systems (two qubits) initially in the pure entangled states or the maximally entangled mixed states interacting with the individual environmental noise. It is shown that due to environment noise, all quantum entangled states are very fragile and become a classical mixed state in a short-time limit. But the environment can affect entanglement in very different ways. The type of decoherence process for certain entangled states belongs to amplitude damping, while the others belong to dephasing decoherence.
Quantum mechanical entanglement can exist in noisy open quantum systems at high temperature. A simple mechanism, where system particles are randomly reset to some standard initial state, can counteract the deteriorating effect of decoherence, resulting in an entangled steady state far from thermodynamical equilibrium. We present models for both gas-type systems and for strongly coupled systems. We point out in which way the entanglement resulting from such a reset mechanism is different from the entanglement that one can find in thermal states. We develop master equations to describe the system and its interaction with an environment, study toy models with two particles (qubits), where the master equation can often be solved analytically, and finally examine larger systems with possibly fluctuating particle numbers. We find that in gas-type systems, the reset mechanism can produce an entangled steady state for an arbitrary temperature of the environment, while this is not true in strongly coupled systems. But even then the temperature range where one can find entangled steady states is typically much higher with the reset mechanism.
Quantum mechanical entanglement can exist in noisy open quantum systems at high temperature. A simple mechanism, where system particles are randomly reset to some standard initial state, can counteract the deteriorating effect of decoherence, resulting in an entangled steady state far from thermodynamical equilibrium. We present models for both gas-type systems and for strongly coupled systems. We point out in which way the entanglement resulting from such a reset mechanism is different from the entanglement that one can find in thermal states. We develop master equations to describe the system and its interaction with an environment, study toy models with two particles (qubits), where the master equation can often be solved analytically, and finally examine larger systems with possibly fluctuating particle numbers. We find that in gas-type systems, the reset mechanism can produce an entangled steady state for an arbitrary temperature of the environment, while this is not true in strongly coupled systems. But even then, the temperature range where one can find entangled steady states is typically much higher with the reset mechanism.
In practice, the interaction between quantum system and environment will lead to the decoherence of entanglement. By quantifying the entanglement through the correlation tensor, we systematically investigate the entanglement robustness of two-qubit states under the four types of noisy channels and corresponding correlated channels. We use an analytical method to find all of the most robust and fragile states under the noisy channels. The puzzling phenomenon that the most robust and fragile states have the same entanglement under noisy channels has been investigated. Moreover, we compare the entanglement robustness of a three-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state with a W state. Our method shows the behavior of entanglement under the noisy channels and characterizes the entanglement robustness of the multiqubit system analytically.
Quantum information technology is mainly based on quantum entanglement. As an important coherent superposition state, the coherence of quantum entanglement source is easily affected by environment and becomes fragile, which will lead to the failure of the quantum information processing. Thus, it is critical to reveal the evolutions of quantum entanglement source under different noisy environments and different noisy channels. Firstly, we experimentally prepare a high-fidelity two-bit entangled state by several technical methods. The fidelity observed for the state prepared in our experiment is 0.993 and the signal-to-noise ratio can reach up to 299. Then, we simulate the bit-flip noise and phase-shift noise (collective and non-collective) using the all-optical experimental setup. Finally, based on the entanglement qubit state, we experimentally study the evolutions of entanglement characteristic under different noisy environments and the single, double and mixed noisy channels. The experimental results show that for the same type of noise, the entanglement properties disappear fast when entangled qubit passes through dual channel noisy environment. The upper bounds of noise intensity to destroy the entanglement property are 0.25 and 0.26 for the single bit-flip noise and phase-shift noisy channels, respectively. The comparison between the two different kinds of noisy environments shows that the entanglement properties disappear fast when entangled bit passes through non-collective environment. The upper bounds of noise intensity are 0.08 and 0.14 for non-collective bit-flip and phase-shift noise to destroy the entanglement property, while the noise intensities are 0.14 and 0.23 for collective bit-flip and phase-shift noise, respectively. For different kinds of noises, the results show that bit-flip noise is more likely to destroy the entanglement properties than the phase-shift. Our results have great significance for the theoretical and experimental studies of entanglement decoherence and have important application value for quantum information processing technology based on the nonlinear optical system.