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S6-Technical Session VII: Applications ofFiber andInteirated Optical Communications Multi-User QuantumCryptography Networks

BingC . Wang

Published Jan 1, 2005• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Present quantum cryptography technologies canprovide ultra-secure encryption keydistribution between twoparties. However, anypractical implementation ofencryption keydistribution schemes requires establishing secure quantum communications amongst multiple users. Inthis talk, wewill briefly survey someofthelatest quantum keydistribution research going oninbothindustrial andacademic research laboratories. Inaddition, recent efforts indeploying quantum cryptography technologies inthefield will be discussed. Wewill also discuss somecommontopologies that arebeing considered formulti-user quantum encryption networks. Theperformance ofthemulti-user quantum keydistribution systems isthen compared infour commonoptical network topologies: theSagnac-based fiber ring, thewavelength routed, thepassive star andthebusnetwork. Their performances areanalyzed andcompared using quantum bit error rate analysis BIOGRAPHY Professor BingC.Wangreceived theB.S.degree inapplied Physics fromColumbia University, New York, in1998-and thePh.D. degree inelectrical engineering fromPrinceton University, Princeton NJ,in 2002. While atPrinceton, heworked intheLightwave Communications Laboratory under theguidance of Professor PaulPrucnal, hisresearch advisor.

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Present quantum cryptography technologies canprovide ultra-secure encryption keydistribution between twoparties. However, anypractical implementation ofencryption keydistribution schemes requires establishing secure quantum communications amongst multiple users. Inthis talk, wewill briefly survey someofthelatest quantum keydistribution research going oninbothindustrial andacademic research laboratories. Inaddition, recent efforts indeploying quantum cryptography technologies inthefield will be discussed. Wewill also discuss somecommontopologies that arebeing considered formulti-user quantum encryption networks. Theperformance ofthemulti-user quantum keydistribution systems isthen compared infour commonoptical network topologies: theSagnac-based fiber ring, thewavelength routed, thepassive star andthebusnetwork. Their performances areanalyzed andcompared using quantum bit error rate analysis BIOGRAPHY Professor BingC.Wangreceived theB.S.degree inapplied Physics fromColumbia University, New York, in1998-and thePh.D. degree inelectrical engineering fromPrinceton University, Princeton NJ,in 2002. While atPrinceton, heworked intheLightwave Communications Laboratory under theguidance of Professor PaulPrucnal, hisresearch advisor.
Quantum cryptography applies the uncertainty principle and the no-cloning theorem of quantum mechanics to provide ultra-secure encryption key distribution between two parties. Present quantum cryptography technologies provide encryption key distribution between two parties. However, practical implementations encryption key distribution schemes require establishing secure quantum communications amongst multiple users. In this talk, we survey some of the state of the art quantum encryption deployment in communication networks. We will also discuss some common topologies that are being considered for multi-user quantum encryption networks. The performance of the multi-user quantum key distribution systems is then compared for four different optical network topologies: the Sagnac-based fiber ring, the wavelength routed, the passive star and the bus network. Their performances are compared and analyzed using quantum bit error rate analysis.
Quantum cryptography applies the uncertainty principle and the no-cloning theorem to allow to parties to share a secret key over an ultra-secure link. Present quantum cryptography technologies provide encryption key distribution only between two users. However, practical implementations of encryption key distribution schemes require establishing secure quantum communications amongst multiple users. This paper looks at some of the advantages and drawbacks of some common network topologies that could be used in sending cryptographic keys across a network consisting of multiple users. These topologies are the star, ring, and bus networks. Their performances are compared and analyzed using quantum bit error rate analysis. The paper also presents an experimental demonstration of a six-user quantum key distribution network implemented on a bus topology.
Data encryption is gaining much attention these days from the research community and industry for transmitting secure information over access networks, i.e. `fiber-to-the-home (FTTH)' networks and data centers. It is important that the newly designed encrypted networks are fully functional, reconfigurable, compatible, flexible and scalable with the existing deployed optical fiber networks around the globe. The prime benefit of having FTTH networks is the optical end-to-end data encryption that can best be implemented by quantum-keydistribution (QKD) protocols using state-of-the-art telecommunication components, i.e. continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD). In this paper, we numerically investigate the quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) based CV-QKD network that is compatible with the next generation (NG) services such as point-to-point (P2P) transmission and multicast overlay (MCO) traffic for audio/video signalling. We have further investigated the performance of quantum signals on multi-user fibers by emulating 7-, 12- and 19-core multi-core fibers (MCF). 100 Mbits/s secure key rates (SKRs) can be generated for inter-core crosstalk (XT) values of <; -20 dB. These results and theoretical framework will allow the telecommunication industry to extend these scenarios not only to accommodate more complex trust constraints, but also to take into account the robustness and resiliency of a complex encrypted network.
We are currently experiencing a rapid development of quantum information, a new branch of science, being an interdisciplinary of quantum physics, information theory, telecommunications, computer science, and many others. This new science branch was born in the middle of the eighties, developed rapidly during the nineties, and in the current decade has brought a technological breakthrough in creating secure quantum key distribution (QKD), quantum secret sharing, and exciting promises in diverse technological fields. Recent QKD experiments have achieved high rate QKD at 200 km distance in optical fiber. Significant QKD results have also been achieved in free-space. Due to the rapid broadband access deployment in many industrialized countries and the standing increasing transmission security treats, the natural development awaiting quantum communications, being a part of quantum information, is its migration into commercial switched telecom networks. Such a migration concerns both multiuser quantum key distribution and multiparty quantum secret sharing that have been the main goal of my PhD studies. They are also the main concern of the thesis. Our research efforts in multiuser QKD has led to a development of the five-user setup for transmissions over switched fiber networks in a star and in a tree configuration. We have achieved longer secure quantum information distances and implemented more nodes than other multi-user QKD experiments. The measurements have shown feasibility of multiuser QKD over switched fiber networks, using standard fiber telecom components. Since circular architecture networks are important parts of both intranets and the Internet, Sagnac QKD has also been a subject of our research efforts. The published experiments in this area have been very few and results were not encouraging, mainly due to the single mode fiber (SMF) birefringence. Our research has led to a development of a computer controlled birefringence compensation in Sagnac that open the door to both classical and quantum Sagnac applications. On the quantum secret sharing side, we have achieved the first quantum secret sharing experiment over telecom fiber in a five-party implementation using the "plug & play" setup and in a four-party implementation using Sagnac configuration. The setup measurements have shown feasibility and scalability of multiparty quantum communication over commercial telecom fiber networks.
In this paper, we explore the performance of two network topologies: the optical ring network based on the Sagnac Interferometer and the wavelength routed optical network. The performance of all three networks for multiuser quantum key distribution are then computer simulated and compared by quantum bit error rate (QBER) analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time system level analysis have been performed on the suitability of various optical networks for quantum key distribution.