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International Congress on Advanced Electromagnetic Materials in Microwaves and Optics

Merging metamaterials with quantum photonics

Mikhail Y. Shalaginov, Simeon Bogdanov, Polina V. Kapitanova, Alexei Lagutchev, Alexander V. Kildishev, Pavel A. Belov, Alexandra E. Boltasseva, Vladimir M. Shalaev

Published Sep 1, 2015• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We have studied the effect of a high photonic density of states provided by a metamaterial environment on the dynamics of nanodiamond based nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers. We have experimentally demonstrated the broadband enhancement of single-photon emission from nanodiamond NV centers coupled to a planar multilayer metamaterial with hyperbolic dispersion. In addition, we have studied the influence of Purcell effect on the fluorescent contrast between the NV center spin states.

DOI
10.1109/metamaterials.2015.7342603

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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Oct 5, 2015•0 citations
We have studied the effect of a high photonic density of states provided by a metamaterial environment on the dynamics of nanodiamond based nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers. We have experimentally demonstrated the broadband enhancement of single-photon emission from nanodiamond NV centers coupled to a planar multilayer metamaterial with hyperbolic dispersion. In addition, we have studied the influence of Purcell effect on the fluorescent contrast between the NV center spin states.
Metamaterials and metasurfaces can be seen as a novel approach for constructing practical quantum photonic systems. In this talk, we present our recent advances in controlling single-photon emission from nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers in nanodiamonds using CMOS-compatible hyperbolic metamaterials. Further, we discuss how an increased photonic density of states affects the optical readout of the NV center spin-state. These results can be useful for engineering on-chip room-temperature quantum registers.
Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond allow coherent spin state manipulation and optical readout at room temperature, which has powerful applications in nanoscale sensing. Nanophotonic structures such as plasmonic waveguides, nanoantennae, metamaterials, and metasurfaces can enhance the detected fluorescence rate from such broadband emitters. The fluorescence of the coupled emitter is directed into confined plasmonic modes with high photonic density of states. However, an accurate spin readout requires both high photon counts and a strong contrast between the spin states, both of which can be influenced by the Purcell effect. We introduce a novel method for measuring the spin contrast in large nitrogen-vacancy ensembles. We use this method to study how the photonic density of states must be engineered in order to minimize the uncertainty of spin readout in dense NV ensembles. We describe these results using a kinetic model of the nitrogen-vacancy’s internal dynamics.
The nitrogen vacancy center in diamond in its negative charge state is a promising candidate for quantum optic experiments that require single photon emitters. Important benefits of the NV center are its high brightness and photo-stability, even at room temperature. Engineering the emission properties of NV centers with optical resonators is a widely followed approach to meet the requirements for quantum technological applications, but the effect on non-radiative decay paths is yet to be understood. Here we report on modifying the internal quantum efficiency of a single NV center in a nanodiamond coupled to a 1D photonic crystal cavity. We assess the Purcell enhancement via three independent measurement techniques and perform autocorrelation measurements at elevated excitation powers in confocal microscopy. Employing a three-level model allows us to extract the setup efficiency, individual transition rates and thus the internal quantum efficiency of our system. Combining our results, we find that the enhancement of the radiative decay rate via the Purcell effect results in an internal quantum efficiency of 90 % for cavity-coupled NV centers. Our findings will facilitate the realization of nano-scale single photon sources with near-unity internal quantum efficiencies operating at high repetition rates.
Diamond based nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers are promising solid state defects for applications in quantum information technologies. On the one hand, there is a growing interest in enhancing their single-photon emission by coupling them to plasmonic structures. On the other hand, the dependence of emission intensity on the electron spin state enables room temperature quantum information readout. We study the fluorescence contrast resulting from the spin resonance in the conditions of an increased photonic density of states. Fluorescence observations from NV center ensembles in diamond nanocrystals coupled to structures supporting plasmonic modes experimentally confirm the analytical results.