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A Bibliography of Transient E ects in the Resonant

Intense Li

Published Jan 1, 1968• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

and parametric amplificati~n.[~ ~’-[~~~ Like the effects in the first category, these effects may also be loosely designated as inelastic since there is a marked change in the energy of the photon during the nonlinear scattering process. Effects in the third category, like those in the second, preserve the laser character of the beam. They consist of those effects which leave the frequency essentially unchanged, but strongly modulate the amplitude of the electromagnetic wave. In this group, one puts such phenomena as relaxation oscillations, [281 [291 saturable absorption and amplificat’ion, self-focusing and Kerr-modula

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and parametric amplificatin.[ ~’-[~~~ Like the effects in the first category, these effects may also be loosely designated as inelastic since there is a marked change in the energy of the photon during the nonlinear scattering process. Effects in the third category, like those in the second, preserve the laser character of the beam. They consist of those effects which leave the frequency essentially unchanged, but strongly modulate the amplitude of the electromagnetic wave. In this group, one puts such phenomena as relaxation oscillations, [281 [291 saturable absorption and amplificat’ion, self-focusing and Kerr-modula
Nonlinear optics is the study of the response of dielectric media to strong optical fields. The fields are sufficiently strong that the response of the medium is, as its name implies, nonlinear. That is, the polarization, which is the dipole moment per unit volume in the medium, is not a linear function of the applied electric field. In the equation for the polarization, there is a linear term, but, in addition, there are terms containing higher powers of the electric field. This leads to significant new types of behavior, one of the most notable being that frequencies different from that of the incident electromagnetic wave, such as harmonics or subharmonics, can be generated. Linear media do not change the frequency of light incident upon them. The first observation of a nonlinear optical effect was, in fact, second-harmonic generation – a laser beam entering a nonlinear medium produced a second beam at twice the frequency of the original. Another type of behavior that becomes possible in nonlinear media is that the index of refraction, rather than being a constant, is a function of the intensity of the light. For a light beam with a nonuniform intensity profile, this can lead to self-focusing of the beam. Most nonlinear optical effects can be described using classical electromagnetic fields, and, in fact, the initial theory of nonlinear optics was formulated assuming the fields were classical. When the fields are quantized, however, a number of new effects emerge. Quantized fields are necessary if we want to describe fields that originate from spontaneous emission. For example, in a process known as spontaneous parametric down-conversion, a beam of light at one frequency, the pump, produces a beam at half the original frequency, the signal. This second beam is a result of spontaneous emission.
An expression is obtained for the nonlinear susceptibility governing the addition of frequencies under resonance conditions. Allowance is made for the Stark shift, changes in populations, and transient response of the medium. Analysis is made of the stimulated emission of the third harmonic as a result of two-photon resonance in parallel and focused beams. It is shown that the saturation effect limits seriously the conversion coefficient of a nonlinear medium of fixed length. Optimal intensities of the fundamental-frequency radiation are found. It is shown that when a beam is focused sharply in a nonlinear medium, the saturation effect and Stark shift make it possible to add frequencies in media with normal dispersion. The relationship between four-photon parametric effects and coherent resonant processes such as self-induced transparency is established for ultrashort pulses.