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Guided-Wave Superconducting Quantum Optoelectronic Devices

Behnood G. Ghamsari

Published May 27, 2010• 2 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii This thesis investigates a novel optoelectronic platform based on the integration of super-conductive structures, such as thin films and micro-constrictions, with optical waveguides for ultra-fast and ultra-sensitive devices with applications including high-speed optical communications, quantum optical information processing, and terahertz (THz) devices and systems. The kinetic-inductive photoresponse of superconducting thin films will be studied as the basic optoelectronic process underlying the operation of these novel devices. Analytical formulation for the non-bolometric response is presented, and experimental photodetection in YBCO meander-line structures will be demonstrated. A set of superconducting coplanar waveguides (CPW) are designed and characterized,

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•Jan 1, 2009•0 citations
I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii This thesis investigates a novel optoelectronic platform based on the integration of super-conductive structures, such as thin films and micro-constrictions, with optical waveguides for ultra-fast and ultra-sensitive devices with applications including high-speed optical communications, quantum optical information processing, and terahertz (THz) devices and systems. The kinetic-inductive photoresponse of superconducting thin films will be studied as the basic optoelectronic process underlying the operation of these novel devices. Analytical formulation for the non-bolometric response is presented, and experimental photodetection in YBCO meander-line structures will be demonstrated. A set of superconducting coplanar waveguides (CPW) are designed and characterized,
This paper introduces a novel family of devices for ultra-fast, ultra-sensitive and ultra-low-noise optoelectronics, namely superconductive traveling-wave photodetectors (STWPDs). STWPDs can be optimized for ultra-wideband/ultra-sensitive photodetection, photomixing and microwave/THz waveform generation. An STWPD is a distributed device, both electrically and optically, which consists of a superconductive thin film kinetic-inductive photodetector integrated with a microwave/THz transmission line and an optical waveguide. We will present the principles of operation of STWPDs, a framework to calculate the input-output relation and the effects of the modal characteristics of the optical propagation on the device performance. Moreover, we will elaborate on how one can design an STWPD for each of the aforementioned applications. Different strategies for the design of the optical waveguide as well as some important design rules will also be discussed. We will report the current status of STWPDs and point out some key issues that should be met in the future for further development.
The increasing demand for high performance communications systems and signal processing is constantly driving researchers to develop novel devices in both the microwave and optical domains. The possibility of using high temperature superconductors (HTS) as a platform for ultra-fast, ultra-high sensitive optoelectronic and microwave photonic devices has been explored. \nThis report introduces a cryogenic microwave photonic probe station, designed and built to characterize HTS microwave photonic devices. A methodology is presented to design coplanar waveguide transmission lines using HTS. The transmission line is then modified to include a meander line structure to serve the optoelectronic function. The device is characterized in several different operating domains, as an optically tunable microwave resonator, an optically tunable delay line, and finally as a photodetector. \nA planar HTS weak leak structure is investigated with the measurements of the I-V characteristics. Moreover, this device is proposed as the next generation platform to fabricate ultra-fast and ultra-high sensitive photodetectors using HTS.
This paper studies the theory of traveling-wave photodetection in superconductive multilayer optical waveguides, as a general platform for ultrafast, ultrasensitive, and ultralow-noise optoelectronics. The kinetic inductance theory of superconductive thin films and the modified transmission line theory are employed to investigate the distributed photodetection and signal generation mechanisms in superconductive traveling-wave devices. A general model for calculation of the optical responsivity of superconductive traveling-wave photodetectors is developed and operation regimes of interest are highlighted. Moreover, the inclusion of a photoconductive layer in the device structure and some important loading schemes are discussed and their effects on the device performance, such as quantum efficiency and electrical bandwidth, are addressed.
The objective of this thesis is to evaluate a generic process for fabrication and characterization of the Superconductive coplanar waveguide (CPW) resonators. Superconductive CPW resonators with various lengths and shapes are designed to investigate their electrical and magnetic properties as well as resonance properties and sensitivities. In the first part of thesis, two different models are introduced in order to estimate the nonlinear kinetic inductance of a superconducting CPW resonator. The first model is based on Bean criticalstate model and the second one is based on current dependence of London penetration depth, λL(I). The existence of a shift in resonant frequency, f0, of Superconductive CPW resonator caused by a non-linear kinetic inductance is also shown experimentally. Simulations were carried out to estimate the nonlinear kinetic inductance due to the selfinduced magnetic field penetration. The rest of the thesis is concerned with development of very smooth Aluminum (Al) thin films with RMS (Root Mean Square) roughness ∼ 1 nm and CAD (Computer Aid Design) of superconductive CPW resonators. Experimental investigation of a generic fabrication technique for superconductive CPW resonator is carried out. Many resonators are fabricated with different design parameters, such as centerline or gap width, film thickness and gap capacitors length. The fabrication process is described in detail. Electron Beam Lithography is used to fabricate Nb and Al CPW resonators which are coupled to outer conductors via gap capacitors. We have fabricated GHz frequency CPW resonators with quality factors, Q up to 5× 10.