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Noise figure measurement ofparametric wavelength conversion inaquasi-phase-matched LiNbO3 waveguide

Etsushi Yamazaki, Atsushi Takada

Published Jan 1, 2005• 0 citations
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Abstract

Wefirstly measure thenoise figure ofparametric wavelength conversion ina quasi-phase-matched LiNbO3 waveguide. Themeasured noise figures depend onthepump laser quality andconversion efficiency, andagree well with theproposed analytical model. ©2005 Optical Society ofAmerica OCIScodes: 190.44 10Nonlinear optics, parametric processes, 060.4510 Optical communications

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Wefirstly measure thenoise figure ofparametric wavelength conversion ina quasi-phase-matched LiNbO3 waveguide. Themeasured noise figures depend onthepump laser quality andconversion efficiency, andagree well with theproposed analytical model. ©2005 Optical Society ofAmerica OCIScodes: 190.44 10Nonlinear optics, parametric processes, 060.4510 Optical communications
Cascaded (chi) (2) based wavelength conversions in quasi phase-matched periodically poled LiNbO3 waveguide were theoretically analyzed by the step-by-step method. The analytic expressions were obtained and analyzed in detail to reveal the physical insight of the wavelength converters based on the cascaded (chi) (2) process. In addition, the phase shift of the converted light was studied using the obtained analytic expressions. Some of the simulated results were compared with our experimental results.
Difference-frequency generation (DFG) and cascaded second-order nonlinear interaction (χ(2)) based wavelength conversions in LiNbO3 quasi-phase-matched waveguides were studied systematically. The characteristics of the two conversion methods, such as conversion efficiency, conversion bandwidth, pump-wavelength tolerance, and temperature stability, were compared with both experimental and theoretical results of MgO-doped quasi-phase-matched waveguides. It was found that for shorter device length and lower pump power, DFG based wavelength converters had higher conversion efficiency, and the cascaded χ(2) based wavelength conversions had slightly wider 3-dB signal-conversion bandwidth. The 3-dB signal wavelength-conversion bandwidth decreased exponentially with an increase in device length. For long devices and high pump power, however, the efficiency difference between the cascaded χ(2) based conversions and DFG based ones was minor. Tolerance of pump wavelength for the cascaded χ(2) based wavelength conversions was approximately two times that of DFG-based ones, which decreases with the increase of device length. In both cases, the tolerance of pump wavelength exponentially decreased with an increase of device length. It was found that the temperature stability of the cascaded χ(2) based conversions was identical to that of DFG based conversions. These results are very helpful in choosing suitable wavelength converters for practical optical communication systems.
Cascaded second-order nonlinear interaction (&chi(2));based wavelength conversion technique has attracted much attention due to its unique characteristics such as low noise and broadband, which are critical in fiber communication networks. In this report, wavelength conversions based on the newly proposed SFG-DFG (sum frequency generation - difference frequency generation) and conventional SHG-DFG (second harmonic generation - difference frequency generation) are studied and compared both experimentally and theoretically in a LiNbO3 quasi-phase matched (QPM) waveguide. It is shown that the same conversion efficiency can be achieved by employing two pump sources with only half power each (P1, P2) in the SFG-DFG scheme as compared with the SHG-DFG scheme with a single higher power pump beam (P=P1+P2). It is shown that the cascaded SFG-DFG based wavelength conversion has a larger 3-dB pump tolerance bandwidth. The theoretical results are consistent well with the experimental ones. It is found that the pump wavelength difference can be separated by a span as large as 75 nm, while 3-dB signal conversion efficiency is retained in a 45 mm-long device. It is also exhibited that tolerance of temperature for the cascaded SFG-DFG remains the same as that of the cascaded SHG-DFG based devices. The results show that the SFG-DFG wavelength conversion scheme is very attractive for practical applications.
A configuration for wavelength conversion and optical amplification by parametric interaction using a nonlinear optical device is proposed. It enables pump generation through second harmonic generation (SHG), difference frequency generation (DFG), and optical parametric amplification (OPA) using a multiple-quasi-phase-matched (M-QPM) LiNbO3 waveguide in a bidirectional manner. Wavelength conversion for the 1.4–1.6 µm band is experimentally demonstrated. In addition, it is demonstrated that the parametric gain band can be changed using various detunings between the pump and QPM wavelengths used for the DFG/OPA process. The proposed method would be useful for enabling high-capacity optical transmission outside the 1550-nm band.