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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Two-photon interference with atom-resonanant photon pairs

Federica A. Beduini, Joanna A. Zielińska, Vito Giovanni Lucivero, Morgan W. Mitchell

Published Jun 10, 2015• 0 citations
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We experimentally demonstrate two-photon interference of a time-energy entangled photon pair generated via collective two-photon coherence in Doppler-broadened cascade-type ^{87}Rb atoms. The two photons originally proposed by J. D. Franson are realized as a photon pair due to collective effects, which are generated from the cascade atomic system with a relatively long lifetime of the initial state and a considerably shorter lifetime of the intermediate state. The achievement of two-photon interference with photon-pair sources generated from inhomogeneous atomic ensembles constitutes an important result for time-energy entanglement based on an atom-photon interaction.
We experimentally demonstrate Franson interference of a time–energy entangled photon pair generated via collective two-photon coherence in the 5S1/2−5P3/2−5D5/2 transition of warm Rb87 atoms. The two unbalanced Michelson interferometers used in our setup are spatially separated in order to understand entanglement as a nonlocal property of the photon pairs from the warm atomic ensemble. We observe a Franson interference fringe with a high visibility of 99.1±1.3% with continuous-wave-mode photon pairs from the cascade-type atomic ensemble. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first demonstration of the nonlocal two-photon interference experiment in separated photon channels by use of two-photon pairs emitted from a cascade-type atomic system as originally proposed by Franson [Phys. Rev. Lett.62, 2205 (1989)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.62.2205].
We experimentally demonstrate nonlocal two-photon interference of energy-time entangled photon pairs via spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) process in Doppler-broadened ladder-type 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms. The Doppler-broadened ladder-type atomic system offers collective two-photon coherence which results in strong temporal correlation between the entangled photons. The spacelike separated photon pairs clearly show nonlocal two-photon interference with high visibility of $97.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.5%$, which violates the Bell-CHSH (Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt) inequality by 10.5 standard deviations, in which the travel time of a single-photon towards the interferometer is much longer than the coincidence window. Our work will provide an atom-based entangled photon source which is applicable for long distance atom-memory-based quantum communication.