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Semconductor Medium in the Transient Regime-I: Temporal and Spectral Effects

Neil Finlayson, Ewan M. Wright, G. I. Stegeman

Published Jan 1, 1990• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The propagation of optical pulses in a semiconductor me- dium is modeled in the limit where the optical pulse width is assumed to be shorter than the interband recombination time of the semicon- ductor. Intense pulses cause saturation of the optical transitions, lead- ing to transient changes in the absorption and refractive index of the semiconductor. The changes in absorption and refractive index lead to distortions in the spectra of the pulses.

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Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference•May 12, 1991•0 citations
The propagation of optical pulses in a semiconductor me- dium is modeled in the limit where the optical pulse width is assumed to be shorter than the interband recombination time of the semicon- ductor. Intense pulses cause saturation of the optical transitions, lead- ing to transient changes in the absorption and refractive index of the semiconductor. The changes in absorption and refractive index lead to distortions in the spectra of the pulses.
This paper reports the observation of ultra-superluminal pulse propagation in multiple-contact semiconductor heterostructures in a superradiant emission regime, and shows definitively that it is a different class of emission from conventional spontaneous or stimulated emission. Coherent population gratings induced in the semiconductor medium under strong electrical pumping have been shown to cause a major decrease of the group refractive index, in the range of 5-40%. This decrease is much greater than that caused by conventional carrier depletion or chirp mechanisms. The decrease in refractive index in turn causes faster-than-c propagation of femtosecond pulses. The measurement also proves the existence of coherent amplification of electromagnetic pulses in semiconductors at room temperature, the coherence being strongly enhanced by interactions of the light with coherent transient gratings locked to carrier gratings. This pulse-generation technique is anticipated to have great potential in applications where highly coherent femtosecond optical pulses must be generated on demand.
When an intense and short laser pulse or a fast-switching-on/off laser field interacts with a resonant absorbing medium, several optical coherent transient effects can be observed, including the self-induced transparency effect, photon echo effect, optical nutation effect, and the optical free induction decay effect. The study of these effects enables us to gain a deeper understanding of the coherent transient interaction of an intense pulsed or rapidly switched optical field with the resonant medium, and to measure the magnitude of the dipole-moment matrix elements, relaxation parameters, and spectral broadening mechanisms of the investigated materials. On the other hand, these optical coherent transient effects can also be applied for developing special techniques of optical pulse delay, pulse reshaping, and optical pulse manipulation.
Optical solitons are pulses that propagate in optical fibers without temporal or spectral distortion, owing to balancing of the second-order dispersion of the refractive index by nonlinear self-phase modulation induced by the intensity-dependent refractive index. Classically, this stationary, distortion-free propagation requires only the proper choice of pulse width and shape for a given pulse energy. However, quantum mechanical zero-point fluctuations of the amplitude and phase of the optical pulse limit the precision with which this pulse shape can be produced. These quantum fluctuations do not undergo stationary propagation but, rather, evolve because of dispersion and self-phase modulation, As a soliton pulse propagates, this zero-point or vacuum noise associated with the pulse evolves into squeezed noise owing to self-phase modulation in the fiber.1,2