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OPTICALQUANTUMA NON-DEMOLITIONMETER FOR GRAVITATIONALWAVE DETECTION

Leninskie Gory

Published Jan 1, 2005• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

ru Abstract - Wepropose newgravitational wavedetector design andnewmethod ofmeasurement that isbased on principle ofQuantum Non-Demolition (QND) measurement. Newdesign implies thesocalled intracavity measurement oftheoptical field parameters inside thecavity ofinterferometer without disturbing light quantum state. Itisshown that using atechnique called discrete sampling variation measurement (DSVM) inalocal meter itispossible toovercometheStandard Quantum Limit byanarbitrary amountlimited only bytheamount of optical energy circulating inthecavity oflocal meterandoptical losses inthelocal metermirrors. This technique being implemented will also beademonstration ofQNDmeasurement andtherefore canbeused todemonstrate thedetector moveable mirrors quantum behaviour.

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We propose new gravitational wave detector design and new method of measurement that is based on principle of quantum non-demolition (QND) measurement. New design implies the so called "intracavity" measurement of the optical field parameters inside the cavity of interferometer without disturbing light quantum state. It is shown that using a technique called discrete sampling variation measurement (DSVM) in a local meter it is possible to overcome the standard quantum limit by an arbitrary amount limited only by the amount of optical energy circulating in the cavity of local meter and optical losses in the local meter mirrors. This technique being implemented will also be a demonstration of QND measurement and therefore can be used to demonstrate the detector moveable mirrors quantum behaviour.

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Summary form only given. The present techniques allow one to perform continuous or discrete quantum measurements at or even beyond the standard "quantum noise" level, even on single quantum objects. In this context, Kip Thorne and Vladimir Braginsky introduced in the seventies the concept of "Quantum Non Demolition (QND) measurement", which was initially meant to be applied to mechanical harmonic oscillators designed for detecting gravitational waves, the so-called "Weber's bars". But the QND ideas encountered a real success in quantum optics, where quantum fluctuations are readily accessible, and can also be circumvented. We review the state of the art of QND measurements, in this broad sense of sub-shot-noise optical information processing. Most of the initial objectives of QND measurements have now been successfully reached through proof-of-principle experiments. The domain is now opening on future perspectives related to quantum information processing (e.g. quantum cryptography), either with "discrete" or "continuous" quantum variables. In this context the close relationship between QND measurements and controlled-NOT (CNOT) gates are discussed and illustrated.

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)•Nov 11, 2002•0 citations
ru Abstract - Wepropose newgravitational wavedetector design andnewmethod ofmeasurement that isbased on principle ofQuantum Non-Demolition (QND) measurement. Newdesign implies thesocalled intracavity measurement oftheoptical field parameters inside thecavity ofinterferometer without disturbing light quantum state. Itisshown that using atechnique called discrete sampling variation measurement (DSVM) inalocal meter itispossible toovercometheStandard Quantum Limit byanarbitrary amountlimited only bytheamount of optical energy circulating inthecavity oflocal meterandoptical losses inthelocal metermirrors. This technique being implemented will also beademonstration ofQNDmeasurement andtherefore canbeused todemonstrate thedetector moveable mirrors quantum behaviour.
We propose new gravitational wave detector design and new method of measurement that is based on principle of quantum non-demolition (QND) measurement. New design implies the so called "intracavity" measurement of the optical field parameters inside the cavity of interferometer without disturbing light quantum state. It is shown that using a technique called discrete sampling variation measurement (DSVM) in a local meter it is possible to overcome the standard quantum limit by an arbitrary amount limited only by the amount of optical energy circulating in the cavity of local meter and optical losses in the local meter mirrors. This technique being implemented will also be a demonstration of QND measurement and therefore can be used to demonstrate the detector moveable mirrors quantum behaviour.
The quantum nondemolition (QND) intracavity topologies of gravitational-wave detectors proposed several years ago allow us, in principle, to obtain sensitivity significantly better than the standard quantum limit using relatively small amount of optical pumping power. In this article we consider an improved more practical version of the optical lever intracavity scheme. It differs from the original version by the symmetry which allows to suppress influence of the input light amplitude fluctuation. In addition, it provides the means to inject optical pumping inside the scheme without increase of optical losses. We consider also sensitivity limitations imposed by the local meter which is the key element of the intracavity topologies. Two variants of the local meter are analyzed, which are based on the spectral variation measurement and on the discrete sampling variation measurement, correspondingly. The former one, while can not be considered as a candidate for a practical implementation, allows, in principle, to obtain the best sensitivity and thus can be considered as an ideal ``asymptotic case'' for all other schemes. The DSVM-based local meter can be considered as a realistic scheme but its sensitivity, unfortunately, is by far not so good just due to a couple of peculiar numeric factors specific for this scheme. From our point of view search of new methods of mechanical QND measurements probably based on improved DSVM scheme or which combine the local meter with the pondermotive squeezing technique, is necessary.
We discuss some theoretical and experimental aspects of quantum non-demolition (QND) measurements in the optical domain. The efficiency of a QND measurement can be characterized using three criteria, which describe respectively the quality of the quantum measurement, the non-destruction of the signal, and the conditional variance of the output signal beam, given the output meter beam (quantum-state-preparation criterion). Quantitative limits can be defined with respect to these criteria, delimiting "classical" and "quantum" domains of operation. We describe the implementation of two experiments which fulfill these criteria, using either three-level atoms inside a doubly-resonant optical cavity, or semiconductors emitters and receivers.
Abstract Quantum non-demolition measurements are designed to circumvent the limitations imposed by Heisenberg's uncertainty principle when performing repeated measurements of quantum states. Recent progress in quantum optics has enabled the experimental realization of quantum non-demolition measurements of the photon flux of a light beam. This achievement bears on fundamental issues about the ultimate sensitivity of measurements, and may open the way for applications such as noise-free information tapping in optical telecommunications.
According to quantum mechanics, there exists a class of observables for which is possible to confine the perturbation produced by a continuous measurement to the conjugate variable. Therefore, it is possible to devise experimental schemes that allow estimating the observed variable with arbitrary accuracy, or preparing it in a well-known state. Such schemes are referred to as quantum non-demolition measurements (QND). Among these observables there is the amplitude of the light field. Indeed, it is possible to exploit a movable mirror to implement a QND scheme [1]. Intensity fluctuations of an optical field impinging on it are not affected by the interaction. However, the movable mirror is excited by the associated radiation pressure. This, in turn, affects the phase of the field.
Summary form only given. The present techniques allow one to perform continuous or discrete quantum measurements at or even beyond the standard "quantum noise" level, even on single quantum objects. In this context, Kip Thorne and Vladimir Braginsky introduced in the seventies the concept of "Quantum Non Demolition (QND) measurement", which was initially meant to be applied to mechanical harmonic oscillators designed for detecting gravitational waves, the so-called "Weber's bars". But the QND ideas encountered a real success in quantum optics, where quantum fluctuations are readily accessible, and can also be circumvented. We review the state of the art of QND measurements, in this broad sense of sub-shot-noise optical information processing. Most of the initial objectives of QND measurements have now been successfully reached through proof-of-principle experiments. The domain is now opening on future perspectives related to quantum information processing (e.g. quantum cryptography), either with "discrete" or "continuous" quantum variables. In this context the close relationship between QND measurements and controlled-NOT (CNOT) gates are discussed and illustrated.