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Orbitalangularmomentumofsinglephotonsforoptical communicationinaslantpa thatmosphericturbulence

Yixin Zhang, Zhao Gui-yang, Jiancai Xu, Cuang Ji

Published Jan 1, 2009• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The well defined orbital angular momentum states of photons offer a practical realization of quantum digits and a means of secure single-photon optical communication. The orbital angular momentum is associated with the spatial distribution of the wave function and the number of orbital angular momentum eigenstates is unlimited, giving the possibility of arbitrary base-N digits. The free-space optical communications using angular momentum states of single photons is investigated and the effect of slant path atmospheric turbulence on the angular momentum of the photons is modeled with Rytov approximation and modified von Karman spectrum model of index-of-refraction fluctuation. The analytical modeling for the angular momentum scattering due to the atmospheric turbulence and the orbital angular momentum quantum number for photons propagation in slant path atmospheric turbulence are presented. The refractive index fluctuations in the atmosphere perturb the complex amplitude of a propagating beam so that the photons that were launched in an eigenstate of orbital angular momentum are no longer guaranteed to be in the original eigenstate after propagation.

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The well defined orbital angular momentum states of photons offer a practical realization of quantum digits and a means of secure single-photon optical communication. The orbital angular momentum is associated with the spatial distribution of the wave function and the number of orbital angular momentum eigenstates is unlimited, giving the possibility of arbitrary base-N digits. The free-space optical communications using angular momentum states of single photons is investigated and the effect of slant path atmospheric turbulence on the angular momentum of the photons is modeled with Rytov approximation and modified von Karman spectrum model of index-of-refraction fluctuation. The analytical modeling for the angular momentum scattering due to the atmospheric turbulence and the orbital angular momentum quantum number for photons propagation in slant path atmospheric turbulence are presented. The refractive index fluctuations in the atmosphere perturb the complex amplitude of a propagating beam so that the photons that were launched in an eigenstate of orbital angular momentum are no longer guaranteed to be in the original eigenstate after propagation.
The well defined orbital angular momentum states of photons offer a practical realization of quantum digits and a means of secure single-photon optical communication. The orbital angular momentum is associated with the spatial distribution of the wave function and the number of orbital angular momentum eigenstates is unlimited, giving the possibility of arbitrary base-N digits. The free-space optical communications using angular momentum states of single photons is investigated and the effect of slant path atmospheric turbulence on the angular momentum of the photons is modeled with Rytov approximation and modified von Karman spectrum model of index-of-refraction fluctuation. The analytical modeling for the angular momentum scattering due to the atmospheric turbulence and the orbital angular momentum quantum number for photons propagation in slant path atmospheric turbulence are presented. The refractive index fluctuations in the atmosphere perturb the complex amplitude of a propagating beam so that the photons that were launched in an eigenstate of orbital angular momentum are no longer guaranteed to be in the original eigenstate after propagation.
The well defined spin and orbital angular momentum states of photons offers a practical realization of quantum digits and a means of secure single-photon optical communication. The orbital angular momentum is associated with the spatial distribution of the wavefunction and the number of orbital angular momentum eigenstates is unlimited, giving the possibility of arbitrary base-N digits. In this paper, free-space optical communications using angular momentum states of single photons is investigated and in particular the effect of atmospheric turbulence on the angular momentum of the photons is modelled. The refractive index fluctuations in the atmosphere perturb the complex amplitude of a propagating beam so that the photons that were launched in an eigenstate of orbital angular momentum are no longer guaranteed to be in the original eigenstate after propagation. By considering the resulting wave as a superposition of angular momentum states, the probability of obtaining correct or incorrect measurements of the transmitted digit is calculated. The effect on a free-space optical communication using orbital angular momentum and the use of adaptive optics is discussed. The information capacity per photon is quantified and compared to that using polarization states for binary digits.
The effect of atmospheric turbulence on quantum optical communication systems based on angular momentum states of single photons is investigated and the detection probabilities of the orbital angular momentum of the photons propagation in slant atmospheric turbulence channel is modeled with Rytov approximation and modified von Karman spectrum model of index-of-refraction fluctuation.The statistical averaging of the orbital angular momentum  of single photon in quantum communication channel is given.
The offects of the atumospheric turbutence on z-tilt corrected or beam center tracked entangled orbital angular momentum(OAM)states generated by parametric down conversion and propagation in atmospheric communication channel are studied,and the entangled orbital angular momentum states detection probabilities of signal photon which are propagation in slant atmospheric turbulence and include the z-tilt corrected or beam center tracked phase fluctuation and amplitude fluctuation caused by atmospheric turbulence are modelled.The joint detection probabilities of OAM state entangled photons versus propagationdistance for the zenith angle θ=π/6 and θ=π/3 are calculated numerically.The results demonstrate that when propagation distance z 500m,the joint detection probability of entangled photons decays rapidly as propagation distance increases,but when propagation distance z1000m,the decay-rate of the joint detection probability of entangled photons is vary small as propagation distance increases.It is shown that the joint detection probabilities of entangled photons with lower total OAM decay less rapidly than those with higher OAM values.It is also found that the joint detection probabilities of entangled photons with smaller zenith angle decay less rapidly than those with larger zenith angle.
The orbital angular momentum (OAM) state of light can potentially be used to implement higher dimensional entangled systems for quantum communication. Unfortunately, optical fibers in use today support only modes with zero OAM values. Free-space quantum communication is an alternative to traditional way of communicating through optical fibers. However the refractive index fluctuation of the atmosphere gives rise to random phase aberrations on a propagating optical beam. To transmit quantum information successfully through a free-space optical channel, one needs to understand how atmospheric turbulence influences quantum entanglement. Here, we present a numerical study of the evolution of quantum entanglement between a pair of qubits. The qubits consist of photons entangled in the OAM basis. The photons propagate in a turbulent atmosphere modeled by a series of consecutive phase screens based on the Kolmogorov theory of turbulence. Maximally entangled initial states are considered, and the concurrence is used as a measure of entanglement. We show how the evolution of entanglement is influenced by various parameters such as the beam waist, the strength of the turbulence and the wavelength of the beam. We restricted our analysis to the OAM values l = ±1 and we compared our results to previous work.
The effects of propagation through random aberrations on coherence for single-photon communication systems based on orbital angular momentum states are quantified. A rotational coherence function is derived which leads to scattering equations for azimuthal modes of different orbital angular momentum states. The effect on a single-photon communication system is quantified using the channel capacity. The work shows that the decoherence effect of atmospheric turbulence on such systems is important even for weak turbulence.