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OF JOSEPHSON MICROBRIDGES COUPLED BY SUPERCONDUCTING LOOPS

C. Varmazis

Published Jan 1, 1979• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We have studied the phase locking of two and eight microbridge arrays shunted by superconducting loops in a dc SQUID configuration. The difference in phase between adjacent bridges is controlled by the applied flux, and thus the radiated power is a periodic function of this flux. With adjustment of the external flux, the individual bridge voltages can be made to add in phase. The effect of additional normal shunts on the phase locking is also investigated. MICROBRIDGES COUPLED BY SUPERCONDUCTING LOOPS Experiment sly on two Josephson microbridges have shown that it is possible to obtain nearly complete in phase coherent radiation with narrowed linewidth by coupling the microbridges with external shunts. To obtain greater ouput power and narrower linewidth it is desirable to phase lock larger arrays of bridges. The narrow range of bias currents over which locking occurs, however, imposes strict tolerances on the uniformity of bridge characteristics if a single current bias is used. In this paper we discuss experiments which eliminate this difficulty by using a superconducting loop to couple the junctions, i.e., a dc SQUID configuration, so that the average frequency of each junction is always equal even for non-identical junctions. Also the phase difference between the junctions in the absence Of noise is set by the amount of externally applied flux due to the fluxoid quantization condition. With identical bridges and zero applied flux, the junctions oscillate in phase. In the geometry used in

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We have studied the phase locking of two and eight microbridge arrays shunted by superconducting loops in a dc SQUID configuration. The difference in phase between adjacent bridges is controlled by the applied flux, and thus the radiated power is a periodic function of this flux. With adjustment of the external flux, the individual bridge voltages can be made to add in phase. The effect of additional normal shunts on the phase locking is also investigated. MICROBRIDGES COUPLED BY SUPERCONDUCTING LOOPS Experiment sly on two Josephson microbridges have shown that it is possible to obtain nearly complete in phase coherent radiation with narrowed linewidth by coupling the microbridges with external shunts. To obtain greater ouput power and narrower linewidth it is desirable to phase lock larger arrays of bridges. The narrow range of bias currents over which locking occurs, however, imposes strict tolerances on the uniformity of bridge characteristics if a single current bias is used. In this paper we discuss experiments which eliminate this difficulty by using a superconducting loop to couple the junctions, i.e., a dc SQUID configuration, so that the average frequency of each junction is always equal even for non-identical junctions. Also the phase difference between the junctions in the absence Of noise is set by the amount of externally applied flux due to the fluxoid quantization condition. With identical bridges and zero applied flux, the junctions oscillate in phase. In the geometry used in
We have investigated two different methods of coupling between the Josephson oscillations in arrays of superconducting microbridges made of Sn and In in order to establish a single free-running coherent state. We report on experiments involving a broadband inductive coupling between pairs of microbridges, each pair constituting a dc-SQUID; and a narrow hand coupling between microbridges via resonant structures in transmission lines consisting of microstrip or slot lines. We discuss the properties of these two ways of long range coupling of Josephson weak links and evaluate their potential for high-frequency applications.
We report the strong microwave Josephson radiation from an array of high-T/sub c/ junctions on a MgO bicrystal substrate from centimeter- to millimeter-wave ranges. The dc bias current was fed to the junction array having parallel geometry with the pair of junctions shunted by superconducting loops. The configuration of bias leads was a series of interlocking dc SQUID's geometry which guaranteed the oscillation of all junctions at the same frequency. The phase differences between adjacent junctions with different I/sub c/R/sub n/ products could be controlled by an external small magnetic field. For a five-junctions array, we observed the coherent output power of about 13 pW without external magnetic flux, which was nearly five times higher than that of a single bicrystal junction. We observed the Josephson linewidth of the self-radiation in the coherent state to be less than 1 GHz by adjustment of the external flux.
Voltage locking, defined as the production of an identical non-zero DC voltage in the absence of external microwave radiation across each Josephson junction of an array, has been observed in two microbridge Josephson junctions separated by a 2μm wide strip of superconductor. Voltage locking occurs when the bridges are biased with the current flowing in opposing directions thru the bridges and out the strip connecting them. The voltage across each bridge can be pulled over 1μV until each bridge displays an identical non-zero voltage, with the total voltage across both bridges equal to zero. Full locking, as defined above, is observed in excess of 40μV. The voltage and temperature dependence of the locking is described.
Square networks (arrays) of superconducting thin-film ’’Dayem’’ microbridges have been investigated. Due to the uniform properties of our bridges, it was particularly easy to collectively synchronize these networks to a microwave field. Analogue computer calculations indicate that to obtain a free-running single-frequency 2×2 network, the diagonal pairs of junctions must be matched approximately to each other and be different from the other pair. We expect this to be a necessary condition for frequency and phase locking in larger networks, but as yet we have not realized this situation experimentally.