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Magneto Optical Trapping of Rb 87

C. Awe

Published Jan 1, 2015• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Magneto optical traps brilliantly combine semi-classical optics with modern physics. By carefully controlling the polarization and frequency of laser beams, it is possible to trap and cool atoms down to the millikelvin range at a relatively low cost. This has opened previously inaccessible physical domains to enterprising physicists all around the world, and is responsible for some of the most interesting experiments being conducted in AMO sciences today. We attempted to employ magneto optical trapping techniques to generate a sample of Rubidium 87 atoms for use in the development of multidimensional Fourier transform spectroscopy with comb lasers. My work entailed the construction and characterization of two external cavity diode lasers (ECDLs), as well as the assembly of a MOT system, which is as of 04/07/2015 not operational. Future work will focus on debugging the system.

Related papers

Development of a magneto optical trap for Rubidium 87

Huzifa Mohammed Ahamed Mohammed Elnour

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A Magneto Optical Trap (MOT) is a configuration formed by three orthogonal pairs of counterpropagating circularly polarized laser beams and a magnetic field gradient. A MOT is used to cool, capture and trap large numbers of atoms in vacuum at very low temperature in K range. In this thesis the development of an experimental setup for realising a MOT of 87Rb atoms is presented. The atomic structure of Rb and the theoretical background of laser cooling and magneto optical trapping was reviewed. The influence of rubidium background pressure in the vacuum system, the laser beam size and the power and frequency on the number of the trapped atoms were studied in literature. The trapping and repumping lasers were characterised experimentally. Six circularly polarised trapping beams with equal power were formed and properly aligned to intersect at the center of the trapping cell. Two optical setups were designed and exploited to investigate and optimise the trapping beam polarisation. The repumping laser beam was successfully aligned and colinearly combined into all the trapping beams. Three different experimental setups for saturated absorption spectroscopy were developed. Saturated absorption spectra showing the hyperfine structure of both 85Rb and 87Rb isotopes were measured and are discussed. Using two saturated absorption spectroscopy setups, the frequencies of both lasers were successfully locked to the trapping and repumping transitions of 87Rb respectively. A rectangular trapping cell was designed and attached to the vacuum system. A pressure of about 10­¯7 mbar was achieved. The magnetic field coils were characterised and affixed on both sides of the cell in an anti-Helmholtz configuration. Setups for imaging and quantification of the 87Rb atoms in the MOT were designed. Finally, the procedures for demonstrating a MOT are presented. In conclusion, the current status of the project is reported, with recommendations for the future work.

•Dec 1, 2013•0 citations

Precision control of magneto-optically cooled rubidium atoms (Invited Paper)

Síle Nic Chormaic, Alexander Yarovitski, Brian Shortt +2 more

Research interest in designing sources of cold atoms has significantly increased during the past ten years with the development of suitable laser sources for magneto-optical trapping and the further mastering of evaporative cooling in order to achieve Bose-Einstein condensation. The magneto-optical trap is now viewed as a standard research facility worldwide and has opened up many new exciting research directions in atomic physics. One area of interest is that of combining spherical microcavities with cold atomic sources in order to achieve efficient photon exchange between the cavity and atom for further understandings of cavity quantum electrodynamics. This could eventually lead to atom entanglement via photon exchange which would have implications for quantum logic design. However, initial attempts to achieve such interactions have been hindered by inadequate control and manipulation of the cold atom source. Here, we present work on designing and building an ultra-stable source of magneto-optically cooled rubidium atoms with a temperature in the tens of microKelvin range. We discuss the different cooling mechanisms involved in the process and present a suitable experimental arrangement including details on the ultra-high vacuum chamber, the laser systems being used and the source of rubidium vapour. Finally, we discuss some future direction for the research including the diffraction of atoms from gratings and micron-sized objects and the parameter control of the cloud of atoms.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Jun 3, 2005•2 citations

Spectroscopic Study of Ultracold Rubidium Atoms in an Optical Dipole Force Trap

Eman Mohammed Ahmed

The interaction of light with atoms and molecules is of fundamental interest in many branches of science. In atomic physics, this interaction can be used to cool and spatially confine (trap) atoms. These traps can be used as the starting point for other experiments, but the dynamics of the cooling and trapping processes is itself of interest. In order to better understand the physics of trapping atoms in an optical dipole force trap, we have conducted a series of spectroscopic measurements of ultracold rubidium atoms in such a trap. The trap was created at the focus of a Nd:YAG laser beam with wavelength 1064nm and nearly Gaussian spatial mode. For rubidium, the trap light is red-detuned and the atoms are confined to the highest intensity in the beam. In order to probe the atoms confined in the trap, we have performed spectroscopy on the 5S1/2 → 5P3/2 transition. Because the polarizability of the ground and excited states is not the same at the trap wavelength, the spectra exhibit both a shift and inhomogeneous broadening. We have investigated the spectra for both linear and circular polarized traps. We also studied the application of a second laser to couple the excited state (5P3/2) to another higher excited state (5D5/2) to reduce the inhomogeneous broadening of the 5S1/2 → 5P 3/2 transition. Finally, two-photon spectroscopy was performed on atoms in the dipole force trap and compared to spectra taken in a magneto optical trap (MOT). Autler-Townes splitting was clearly observed in the MOT and appears to have been observed in the dipole force trap also.

•Jan 1, 2010•0 citations

Optimization of Transfer of Cold Atoms From TwoDimensional Magneto Optical Trap to ThreeDimensional Magneto Optical Trap

Tirumalasetty Panduranga Mahesh, Nobuyuki Takei Supervisors Dr. Kenji Ohmori, Ayan Banerjee

This thesis reports on the generation of MOT for laser cooling and trapping of Rubidium 87 atoms. Probe-pump technique have been used in Rb gas cell and doppler free absorption peaks has been observed. Peak at the crossover frequency will be locked for laser cooling and repump beams. This locked freuqency used in MOT to trap Rb atoms. The technique of optical molasses is used to cool the atoms and quadrupole magnetic field applied to confine or trap atoms at the center of MOT. Two chambers are constructed for 2D and 3D MOT with different pressure. Rb atoms loaded efficiently from the high flux cold atom beam generated in a compact 2D MOT. This is the first step of Bose Einstein Condensate (BEC). A performance of 2D MOT was tested by another main chamber of 3D MOT contains 3 pairs of counter-propagating beams. Over 5x10⁶ atoms trapped in a 3D MOT with loading rate of 1:8x10⁶ atoms/sec. This experiment provided an excellent starting point for future experiment on Rydberg atoms in dense ultracold quantum gases.

•Apr 1, 2018•0 citations

Towards microwave modulation in a wavelength-tuned magneto-optical trap

Aaron Allen, Stephen R. Segal, Evan A. Salim +2 more

Aaron Allen  ξ Physics REU 2009 JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 ξ Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 In this project, I present a new method for trapping Rubidium-87 atoms. The method proposed is microwave modulation of an external cavity diode laser. The modulation is designed so as to produce frequency sidebands for hyperfine pumping in addition to the main cooling frequency. It is designed for use in magneto-optical trapping. GENERAL MOTIVATION Doppler cooling of atoms is a central process in the field of atomic, molecular, and optical (AMO) physics. Doppler cooling is central to laser trapping, the formation of Bose-Einstein Condensates (BEC’s), the formation of Fermionic Condensates, advances in quantum computing, and proposed schemes in molecular trapping. Doppler cooling allows atoms to be slowed down many orders of magnitude below their room temperature velocity, which allows these atoms to be more easily controlled and studied. Doppler cooling can best be understood by its relationship to the thermodynamics of atoms. A collection of atoms at room temperature has an average velocity, v , that follows from its kinetic energy and the Maxwell-Boltzman distribution [1];

Bulletin of the American Physical Society•Nov 13, 2009•0 citations

Construction of a Magneto-Optical Trap to Create Ultracold Rubidium Ensembles

Hayden Snauwaert

Ultracold atoms are a desirable substrate for experiments in quantum optics due to their highly coherent nature. Magneto-Optical Traps (MOTs) are a commonly used apparatus for producing clouds of cold, neutrally charged atoms such as Rubidium. The method relies on the effect of Doppler cooling, where laser light that has been detuned slightly below an atomic resonance results in a net cooling effect on the atoms, and magnetic trapping, where a linear magnetic field gradient results in a position dependent restoring force that traps the desired atoms at a central point. In the UVic AMO lab, we aim to build a MOT that is capable of producing ultracold rubidium clouds with temperatures on the order of 10μK.

•Jan 1, 2024•0 citations
Magneto optical traps brilliantly combine semi-classical optics with modern physics. By carefully controlling the polarization and frequency of laser beams, it is possible to trap and cool atoms down to the millikelvin range at a relatively low cost. This has opened previously inaccessible physical domains to enterprising physicists all around the world, and is responsible for some of the most interesting experiments being conducted in AMO sciences today. We attempted to employ magneto optical trapping techniques to generate a sample of Rubidium 87 atoms for use in the development of multidimensional Fourier transform spectroscopy with comb lasers. My work entailed the construction and characterization of two external cavity diode lasers (ECDLs), as well as the assembly of a MOT system, which is as of 04/07/2015 not operational. Future work will focus on debugging the system.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A Magneto Optical Trap (MOT) is a configuration formed by three orthogonal pairs of counterpropagating circularly polarized laser beams and a magnetic field gradient. A MOT is used to cool, capture and trap large numbers of atoms in vacuum at very low temperature in K range. In this thesis the development of an experimental setup for realising a MOT of 87Rb atoms is presented. The atomic structure of Rb and the theoretical background of laser cooling and magneto optical trapping was reviewed. The influence of rubidium background pressure in the vacuum system, the laser beam size and the power and frequency on the number of the trapped atoms were studied in literature. The trapping and repumping lasers were characterised experimentally. Six circularly polarised trapping beams with equal power were formed and properly aligned to intersect at the center of the trapping cell. Two optical setups were designed and exploited to investigate and optimise the trapping beam polarisation. The repumping laser beam was successfully aligned and colinearly combined into all the trapping beams. Three different experimental setups for saturated absorption spectroscopy were developed. Saturated absorption spectra showing the hyperfine structure of both 85Rb and 87Rb isotopes were measured and are discussed. Using two saturated absorption spectroscopy setups, the frequencies of both lasers were successfully locked to the trapping and repumping transitions of 87Rb respectively. A rectangular trapping cell was designed and attached to the vacuum system. A pressure of about 10­¯7 mbar was achieved. The magnetic field coils were characterised and affixed on both sides of the cell in an anti-Helmholtz configuration. Setups for imaging and quantification of the 87Rb atoms in the MOT were designed. Finally, the procedures for demonstrating a MOT are presented. In conclusion, the current status of the project is reported, with recommendations for the future work.
Research interest in designing sources of cold atoms has significantly increased during the past ten years with the development of suitable laser sources for magneto-optical trapping and the further mastering of evaporative cooling in order to achieve Bose-Einstein condensation. The magneto-optical trap is now viewed as a standard research facility worldwide and has opened up many new exciting research directions in atomic physics. One area of interest is that of combining spherical microcavities with cold atomic sources in order to achieve efficient photon exchange between the cavity and atom for further understandings of cavity quantum electrodynamics. This could eventually lead to atom entanglement via photon exchange which would have implications for quantum logic design. However, initial attempts to achieve such interactions have been hindered by inadequate control and manipulation of the cold atom source. Here, we present work on designing and building an ultra-stable source of magneto-optically cooled rubidium atoms with a temperature in the tens of microKelvin range. We discuss the different cooling mechanisms involved in the process and present a suitable experimental arrangement including details on the ultra-high vacuum chamber, the laser systems being used and the source of rubidium vapour. Finally, we discuss some future direction for the research including the diffraction of atoms from gratings and micron-sized objects and the parameter control of the cloud of atoms.
The interaction of light with atoms and molecules is of fundamental interest in many branches of science. In atomic physics, this interaction can be used to cool and spatially confine (trap) atoms. These traps can be used as the starting point for other experiments, but the dynamics of the cooling and trapping processes is itself of interest. In order to better understand the physics of trapping atoms in an optical dipole force trap, we have conducted a series of spectroscopic measurements of ultracold rubidium atoms in such a trap. The trap was created at the focus of a Nd:YAG laser beam with wavelength 1064nm and nearly Gaussian spatial mode. For rubidium, the trap light is red-detuned and the atoms are confined to the highest intensity in the beam. In order to probe the atoms confined in the trap, we have performed spectroscopy on the 5S1/2 → 5P3/2 transition. Because the polarizability of the ground and excited states is not the same at the trap wavelength, the spectra exhibit both a shift and inhomogeneous broadening. We have investigated the spectra for both linear and circular polarized traps. We also studied the application of a second laser to couple the excited state (5P3/2) to another higher excited state (5D5/2) to reduce the inhomogeneous broadening of the 5S1/2 → 5P 3/2 transition. Finally, two-photon spectroscopy was performed on atoms in the dipole force trap and compared to spectra taken in a magneto optical trap (MOT). Autler-Townes splitting was clearly observed in the MOT and appears to have been observed in the dipole force trap also.
This thesis reports on the generation of MOT for laser cooling and trapping of Rubidium 87 atoms. Probe-pump technique have been used in Rb gas cell and doppler free absorption peaks has been observed. Peak at the crossover frequency will be locked for laser cooling and repump beams. This locked freuqency used in MOT to trap Rb atoms. The technique of optical molasses is used to cool the atoms and quadrupole magnetic field applied to confine or trap atoms at the center of MOT. Two chambers are constructed for 2D and 3D MOT with different pressure. Rb atoms loaded efficiently from the high flux cold atom beam generated in a compact 2D MOT. This is the first step of Bose Einstein Condensate (BEC). A performance of 2D MOT was tested by another main chamber of 3D MOT contains 3 pairs of counter-propagating beams. Over 5x10⁶ atoms trapped in a 3D MOT with loading rate of 1:8x10⁶ atoms/sec. This experiment provided an excellent starting point for future experiment on Rydberg atoms in dense ultracold quantum gases.
Aaron Allen  ξ Physics REU 2009 JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 ξ Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 In this project, I present a new method for trapping Rubidium-87 atoms. The method proposed is microwave modulation of an external cavity diode laser. The modulation is designed so as to produce frequency sidebands for hyperfine pumping in addition to the main cooling frequency. It is designed for use in magneto-optical trapping. GENERAL MOTIVATION Doppler cooling of atoms is a central process in the field of atomic, molecular, and optical (AMO) physics. Doppler cooling is central to laser trapping, the formation of Bose-Einstein Condensates (BEC’s), the formation of Fermionic Condensates, advances in quantum computing, and proposed schemes in molecular trapping. Doppler cooling allows atoms to be slowed down many orders of magnitude below their room temperature velocity, which allows these atoms to be more easily controlled and studied. Doppler cooling can best be understood by its relationship to the thermodynamics of atoms. A collection of atoms at room temperature has an average velocity, v , that follows from its kinetic energy and the Maxwell-Boltzman distribution [1];
Ultracold atoms are a desirable substrate for experiments in quantum optics due to their highly coherent nature. Magneto-Optical Traps (MOTs) are a commonly used apparatus for producing clouds of cold, neutrally charged atoms such as Rubidium. The method relies on the effect of Doppler cooling, where laser light that has been detuned slightly below an atomic resonance results in a net cooling effect on the atoms, and magnetic trapping, where a linear magnetic field gradient results in a position dependent restoring force that traps the desired atoms at a central point. In the UVic AMO lab, we aim to build a MOT that is capable of producing ultracold rubidium clouds with temperatures on the order of 10μK.