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Exploring LIAD for ultracold atom experiments

Pegah Naeimi

Published Jan 1, 2011• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

This thesis presents my work on exploring Light Induced Atomic Desorption (LIAD) for ultracold atom experiments. With LIAD, it is possible to achieve faster control over the atomic vapor larger number of trapped atoms, which improves the signal strength in experimental measurements. The basic physical principles governing the MOT are explained and a simple mathematical model is presented to clarify the MOT fill dynamics. An overview of the LIAD effect and its mechanism are presented and the observation of LIAD effect demonstrated a factor of 5.5 ubcrease in the number of atoms and decreased the time constant of the MOT fill by factor of 2.

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This thesis presents my work on exploring Light Induced Atomic Desorption (LIAD) for ultracold atom experiments. With LIAD, it is possible to achieve faster control over the atomic vapor larger number of trapped atoms, which improves the signal strength in experimental measurements. The basic physical principles governing the MOT are explained and a simple mathematical model is presented to clarify the MOT fill dynamics. An overview of the LIAD effect and its mechanism are presented and the observation of LIAD effect demonstrated a factor of 5.5 ubcrease in the number of atoms and decreased the time constant of the MOT fill by factor of 2.
The dynamics of magneto-optical trap loading by light-induced atom desorption (LIAD) are investigated theoretically and experimentally. The loading of the MOT has been described by a theoretical model. We have paid close attention to the background gases which are essentially important for the ultimate vacuum pressure. The experiment is done based on a glass cell and all the results are well in agreement with the theory. The decay process of the background vacuum pressure caused by the untrapped cesium atoms after shutting off the desorption light is explained quantitatively. The LIAD effect is proved to be an effective tool to control the loading of the MOT and the neutral single atoms in experiment.
In recent years, light-induced atomic desorption (LIAD) of alkali atoms from the inner surface of a vacuum chamber has been employed in cold atom experiments for the purpose of modulating the alkali background vapour. This is beneficial because larger trapped atom samples can be loaded from vapour at higher pressure, after which the pressure is reduced to increase the lifetime of the sample. We present an analysis, based on the case of rubidium atoms adsorbed on pyrex, of various aspects of LIAD that are useful for this application. Firstly, we study the intensity dependence of LIAD by fitting the experimental data with a rate-equation model, from which we extract a correct prediction for the increase in trapped atom number. Following this, we quantify a figure of merit for the utility of LIAD in cold atom experiments and we show how it can be optimised for realistic experimental parameters.
This work is devoted to a systematic study of the effect of Light-Induced Atomic Desorption (LIAD). LIAD is a non-heating process in which atoms adsorbed on a surface are desorbed by illumination with non-resonant light. The aim of the dissertation is an experimental study of the LIAD process, its influence on the spectra of alkali atoms in optical cells without and with Anti-Relaxation Coating (ARC) and the possibilities of LIAD for optical characterization of ARC, as well as in high resolution spectroscopy. For the first time, the LIAD process under homogeneous illumination was investigated experimentally, whereby the efficiency of the LIAD was significantly increased even for a cell without ARC, the dynamic characteristics are obtained with a better signal to noise ratio and repeatability, and the desorption and adsorption processes are faster. LIAD effect in cells with different ARC coatings has shown that each coating has different desorption and adsorption rates and the results obtained show the possibility of applying the method for optical characterization of ARC. An experimental study of the number of collisions without atomic spin depolarization in cells with different ARCs and the impact of LIAD was performed, as well as various parameters such as laser intensity and cell temperature were investigated.
We report some preliminary results on experimental investigation of the potential of Light Induced Atomic Desorption (LIAD) applications for density control in antirelaxation coated cells and coherent spectroscopy. LIAD is a non-thermal process whereby atoms adsorbed on a surface are released under illumination. It is applied mostly to implementing optical atomic dispensers in the cases when high atomic density at low temperature is needed - for example, for loading atomic devices as atomic magnetometers, atomic clocks, atomic traps and their miniaturization. An advantage of the light control is that it is faster than the temperature control. More than an order of increase of the density with LIAD is obtained. Some peculiarities in the 780 nm absorption and fluorescence spectra registered in dense Rb vapor are registered. The absorption and fluorescence spectra in Rb vapors controlled by temperature and LIAD are compared.
The light-induced atomic desorption effect, known as LIAD, has been explained so far by a debatable Atutov's theory [S. N. Atutov et al., Phys. Rev. A 60, 4693 (1999)]. In this Brief Report, we propose an approach in which the difficulties of this theory are removed. The theory yields predictions for the atomic vapor density n(t)n(t)n(t) in a fully illuminated resonance cell, the time tmax{t}_{max}tmax​ that it takes the vapor density to arrive at a maximum value nmax{n}_{max}nmax​ and the dependence of nmax{n}_{max}nmax​ and dn/dtt=+0dn/d{t}_{t=+0}dn/dtt=+0​ on the desorbing light intensity. Some of our results are at variance with outcomes of Atutov's model (such as saturation effect for nmax{n}_{max}nmax​ and the dependence of tmax{t}_{max}tmax​ on the light intensity) but are in agreement with the experimental data. Additionally, the model presented in this Brief Report satisfactorily explains a reservoir effect recently investigated in experiments where cells equipped with a lockable stem were used.
We review some recent studies on light-induced atomic desorption (LIAD) from dielectric surfaces. Alkali-metal atoms adsorbed either on organic films or on porous glass are released into the vapor phase under illumination. The measurements were performed in Pyrex resonance cells either coated with siloxane films or containing a porous glass sample. In both cases, the experimental results show that LIAD can be used to produce atomic densities suitable for most atomic physics experiments. Moreover, we find that photoinduced effects, correlated with LIAD, produce reversible formation and evaporation of alkali-metal clusters in porous glass. These processes depend on the light frequency, making the porous glass transmittance controllable by light.