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Springer eBooks

Confined Atoms: A New Path Towards Controlled Orbital Collapse

J P Connerade, P. Anantha Lakshmi, V. K. Dolmatov

Published Jan 1, 2000• 2 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/978-1-4615-4259-9_14

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Experiments with trapped atoms

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We review several new optical techniques which reveal the spatial distribution of excited atomic states. These techniques have been developed in different laboratories, largely as a result of exploiting laser excitation, which provides additional flexibility in the choice of excitation paths. Several methods are in use, which possess different advantages, but all share one common property. They sample the wavefunction of the excited state at different radii using different excitation paths, and are thereby sensitive to size. Amongst the radial phenomena which control the size of an atomic orbital, the most important are the centrifugal barrier effects which determine orbital collapse.
Recent experiments with Yb-173 and Sr-87 isotopes provide new possibilities to study high spin two-orbital systems. Within these experiments part of the atoms are excited to a higher energy metastable electronic state mimicking an additional internal (orbital) degree of freedom. The interaction between the atoms depends on the orbital states, therefore four different scattering channels can be identified in the system characterized by four independent couplings. When the system is confined into a one-dimensional chain the scattering lengths can be tuned by changing the transverse confinement, and driven through four resonances. Using the new available experimental data of the scattering lengths we analyze the phase diagram of the one-dimensional system as the couplings are tuned via transverse confinement, and the populations of the two orbital states are changed. We found that three orders compete showing power law decay: a state with dominant density wave fluctuations, another one with spin density fluctuations, and a third one characterized by exotic Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov-like pairs consisting one atom in the electronic ground state and one in the excited state. We also show that sufficiently close to the resonances the compressibility of the system starts to diverge indicating that the emerging order is unstable and collapses to a phase separated state with a first order phase transition.
This paper gives solutions to puzzles of double Wheeler’s delayed choice experiments, a photon’s passing two paths simultaneously and wave collapse velocity measure, and shows new quantum control, new quantum oscillation and new controlling photon oscillator (that can be arranged in quantum computer and quantum network as their classical correspondences) in experiments. Furthermore, this paper obtains the measured attractive state and the new useful key technology of altering state’s evolving paths for quantum systems. We discover the reason and the technological way for the present changes the past, further show their feasible experiments of new quantum control, new quantum oscillation and new quantum oscillator. Finally, this paper achieves the collapse response time t of wave, further concretely deduces the measured collapse velocity of quantum system. In the past, the collapse velocity cannot be objectively deduced and experimentally measured.