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International Conference on Computer and Communication Engineering

A novel extension of SSL/TLS based on quantum key distribution

Sufyan T. F. Al-Janabi

Published May 1, 2008• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper presents a novel extension of SSL/TLS that significantly facilitates the integration of quantum key distribution (QKD) with the already-existing Internet security infrastructure. This extended version of SSL/TLS is called QSSL (quantum SSL). During the development of QSSL, a concentration has been made on the creation of a simple, efficient, general, and flexible architecture that enables the deployment of practical quantum cryptographic-based security applications. Indeed, QSSL efficiently supports unconditionally secure encryption (one-time pad) and/or unconditionally secure authentication (based on universal hashing). A simplified version of QSSL based on BB84 (Bennett-Brassard 1984) QKD protocol has also been implemented and experimentally tested.

DOI
10.1109/iccce.2008.4580740

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This paper presents a novel extension of SSL/TLS that significantly facilitates the integration of quantum key distribution (QKD) with the already-existing Internet security infrastructure. This extended version of SSL/TLS is called QSSL (quantum SSL). During the development of QSSL, a concentration has been made on the creation of a simple, efficient, general, and flexible architecture that enables the deployment of practical quantum cryptographic-based security applications. Indeed, QSSL efficiently supports unconditionally secure encryption (one-time pad) and/or unconditionally secure authentication (based on universal hashing). A simplified version of QSSL based on BB84 (Bennett-Brassard 1984) QKD protocol has also been implemented and experimentally tested.
SSL/TLS is the protocol that is used for the vast majority of secure transactions over the Internet. However, this protocol needs to be extended in order to create a promising platform for the integration of quantum cryptography (QC) into the Internet infrastructure. This paper presents a novel extension of SSL/TLS that significantly facilitates such type of integration. This extended version of SSL/TLS is called QSSL (Quantum SSL). During the development of QSSL, a concentration has been made on the creation of a simple, efficient, general, and flexible architecture that enables the deployment of practical quantum cryptographic-based security applications. Indeed, QSSL efficiently supports unconditionally secure encryption (one-time pad) and/or unconditionally secure authentication (based on universal hashing). A simplified version of QSSL based on BB84 (Bennett-Brassard 84) quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol has been implemented and experimentally tested. This has enabled us to experimentally assess our protocol design based on software simulation of the quantum channel events used for QKD.
After a good period of time with experimentation in quantum cryptography (QC) in labs and somewhat for less extent with experience in deploying stand-alone point-to-point commercial QC products, it is definitely prudent now to explore the great advantages of integrating QC with the already-existing Internet security infrastructure. SSL/TLS is a protocol that is used for a vast majority of secure transactions over the Internet. However, this protocol needs to be extended in order to create a promising platform for the integration of QC into the Internet infrastructure. This paper presents a novel extension of SSL/TLS that significantly facilitates such type of integration. This extended version of SSL/TLS is called QSSL (Quantum SSL). During the development of QSSL, a concentration has been made on the creation of a simple, efficient, general, and flexible architecture that enables the deployment of practical quantum cryptographic-based security applications. Indeed, QSSL efficiently supports unconditionally secure encryption (one-time pad) and/or unconditionally secure authentication (based on universal hashing). A simplified version of QSSL based on BB84 (Bennett–Brassard 84) quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol has been implemented and experimentally tested. This has enabled to experimentally assess the proposed protocol design based on software simulation of the quantum channel events used for QKD.
The current standard to exchange a secret key for ensuring secure data transmission within the SSL/TLS protocol is based on Public-Key encryption. This method is only secure as long as the computation power of a potential attacker is limited. So far, the only way to make an unconditional secure key exchange, is to use quantum key distribution (QKD). With the latest figures of sifting key rates provided by NIST, we show which authentic theoretical final key rates are possible. Furthermore we present a modified SSL/TLS protocol, which uses quantum key distribution, in different encryption variants.
The aim of this chapter is to emphasize the multidisciplinary nature of the research in the field of Quantum Key Distribution Networks (QKDNs). Such networks consist of a number of nodes that can perform security protocols protected by some basic laws of physics. The operation of QKDNs mainly requires the integration of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocols with the already-existing network security infrastructures. The authors report on the current state-of-the-art in the field and give some recommendations for future research. As computer simulation can be very useful in dealing with advanced technology subjects like QKDNs, they outline a simple and efficient modeling and simulation approach for various QKDN configurations. Then, the issue of unconditionally secure authentication of the public channel in QKD is considered. This issue is of crucial importance from both theoretical and practical sides. In this context, the proposed hybrid authentication strategy is reviewed and an authenticated version of the Bennett-Brassard-84 (BB84) QKD protocol based on this strategy is described. Next, a novel extension of the SSL protocol for QKDN settings, which the authors call Quantum SSL (QSSL), is explained. Finally, the chapter is concluded.
Quantum Cryptography or Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) solves the key distribution problem by allowing the exchange of a cryptographic key between two remote parties with absolute security, guaranteed by the laws of quantum physics.Extensive studies have been undertaken on QKD since it was noted that quantum computers could break public key cryptosystems based on number theory.Actually, the progress of research in this field allows the implementation of QKD outside of laboratories.Efforts are made to exploit this technology in the existing communication networks and to improve the performance and reliability of the implemented technologies.Some research is in progress for the integration of QKD with the protocols in different layers of OSI model.The examples of such research effort are the integration of QKD in point-to-point protocol (PPP) OSI layer 2 and the integration of QKD with IPSEC at OSI layer-3.All these works are moving towards the utilization of QKD technology for enhancing the security of modern computing applications on the internet.In this paper, we present a novel extension of the TLS protocol based on QKD.We introduce a scheme for integrating Quantum Cryptography in this protocol.Our approach improves the security of the process of authentication and data encryption.Also, we describe an example to illustrate the feasibility of our scheme's implementation.
Classical cryptographic systems are increasingly challenged by advances in computing power and new algorithmic techniques, particularly with the rise of quantum computing, which threatens the security of current encryption methods. This has spurred interest in quantum-resistant cryptography, aimed at creating algorithms that can withstand attacks from quantum computers. Traditionally, secure key transport over alternate channels has been a significant challenge, but quantum mechanics offers a solution. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a revolutionary method for secure communication that leverages quantum principles. Unlike traditional methods, QKD provides unconditional security, with key security ensured by the laws of physics rather than computational difficulty. The BB84 protocol, introduced in 1984 by Bennett and Brassard, is a leading QKD scheme known for its simplicity and effectiveness in generating eavesdropping-resistant cryptographic keys. It facilitates secure key transport over alternate channels. This documentation aims to advance QKD security by practically implementing and analyzing the BB84 protocol. Through detailed theoretical analysis, simulation studies, and experimental validation, the practical impacts, and limitations of BB84-based QKD systems are examined. Additionally, a practical implementation of quantum key distribution using a sudoku key demonstrates the process's simplicity and effectiveness. These findings are expected to pave new paths in the field of cryptanalysis in the emerging Quantum Age.