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International Journal of Modern Physics B

EXACT SOLUTIONS IN ONE-DIMENSIONAL BOSE–EINSTEIN GAS IN A TIME-VARYING TRAP POTENTIAL AND ATOMIC SCATTERING LENGTH

Emmanuel Kengne, S. T. Chui

Published Mar 20, 2007• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper we discuss the solutions of the cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation with variable coefficients that model a trapped, quasi-one-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensate with time-varying potential and time-varying atomic scattering length. By applying the theory of Jacobian elliptic functions, we propose a new ansatz to find two new families of solutions. We also obtained regions in the parameters space in which the found families of solutions exist.

DOI
10.1142/s0217979207036813

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In this paper we discuss the solutions of the cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation with variable coefficients that model a trapped, quasi-one-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensate with time-varying potential and time-varying atomic scattering length. By applying the theory of Jacobian elliptic functions, we propose a new ansatz to find two new families of solutions. We also obtained regions in the parameters space in which the found families of solutions exist.
We present a new family of stationary solutions to the cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation with an elliptic function potential. In the limit of a sinusoidal potential our solutions model a quasi-one-dimensional dilute gas Bose-Einstein condensate trapped in a standing light wave. Provided that the ratio of the height of the variations of the condensate to its dc offset is small enough, both trivial phase and nontrivial phase solutions are shown to be stable. Recent developments allow for experimental investigation of these predictions.
The cubic–quintic nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a periodic potential, which is expressed in terms of the Jacobian function dn, is used to model a Bose–Einstein condensate trapped in an optical lattice (in most cases, the dn potential is very close to the ordinary sinusoidal one). The quintic term in the equation represents either effects of three-body collisions (which is relevant in the case when the ordinary two-body collisions are very weak), or an effective deviation of the trapped condensate from the one-dimensionality. The cases of both repulsive and attractive two-body interactions are considered. The same model governs the planar propagation of light in waveguides with the cubic–quintic optical nonlinearity, the periodic potential being induced by transverse modulation of the refractive index. In the case of the attractive quintic term (which is always the case if it accounts for the residual non-one-dimensionality of the tightly trapped condensate), a new family of exact periodic solutions is constructed in terms of Jacobian elliptic functions. Using semi-analytical and numerical methods, a stability region for these periodic states is identified. The effect of boundaries is shown to be very weak. E Kengne dedicates this work to Taa Bah Deffo Takotue Innocent, the Chairman of the Bandjoun Community in Douala (Cameroon).
The cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation with repulsive nonlinearity and an elliptic function potential models a quasi-one-dimensional repulsive dilute gas Bose-Einstein condensate trapped in a standing light wave. New families of stationary solutions are presented. Some of these solutions have neither an analog in the linear Schrödinger equation nor in the integrable nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Their stability is examined using analytical and numerical methods. All trivial-phase stable solutions are deformations of the ground state of the linear Schrödinger equation. Our results show that a large number of condensed atoms is sufficient to form a stable, periodic condensate. Physically, this implies stability of states near the Thomas-Fermi limit.
We consider the one-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equations that describe the dynamics of a Bose–Einstein Condensates with time-dependent scattering length in a complex potential. Our results show that as long as the integrable relation is satisfied, exact solutions of the one-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation can be found in a general closed form, and interactions between two solitons are modulated in a complex potential. We find that the changes of the scattering length and trapping potential can be effectively used to control the interaction between two bright soliton.
The cubic nonlinear Schrodinger equation with a lattice potential is used to model a periodic dilute gas Bose-Einstein condensate. Both two- and three-dimensional condensates are considered, for atomic species with either repulsive or attractive interactions. A family of exact solutions and corresponding potential is presented in terms of elliptic functions. The dynamical stability of these exact solutions is examined using both analytical and numerical methods. For condensates with repulsive atomic interactions, all stable, trivial-phase solutions are off-set from the zero level. For condensates with attractive atomic interactions, no stable solutions are found, in contrast to the one-dimensional case.