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Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference

Entangling quantum copiers: an application to improving detection efficiency

William J. Munro, Piotr Deuar

Published Jan 1, 2000• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Summary form only given. Copying machines in general use two approaches. One of the extreme cases is a classical copying machine, where measurements (destructive or non-destructive) are made on the original state, the results of which are then fed as parameters into some state preparation scheme which attempts to construct a copy of the original. The opposite extreme is a fully quantum copying machine which by some process that is unseen by external observers, creates a fixed number of copies, usually destroying the original in the process. Naturally in a realistic situation, noise will additionally degrade the quality of the copies, and copiers which utilise both of the processes above are obviously also possible. While quantum copying promises the possibility of many applications in the future, few specific examples of uses for a quantum copier have been considered so far. When discussing practical applications, quantum copiers have mainly been put forward as something to be defended against by quantum cryptography schemes. This talk presents a analysis of a possible application of quantum copiers: using them to improve detection efficiencies.

Related papers

Improving detectors using entangling quantum copiers

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Quantum copying can increase the practically available information

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Mode Invisibility Technique - A Quantum Non-Demolition Measurement for Light

Marvellous Onuma-Kalu

I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii The act of measuring an observable of a quantum system introduces backaction noise to the measured system. In the most extreme case, the system gets destroyed with its state left unavailable for future measurement. An example is the photodetection process where photons are destroyed upon detection. It is desirable to consider schemes that avoid the back action effect induced on detected observable due to the measurement. Such measurement scheme in which one is able to repeat a measurement on a physical observable, with the result of each measurement being the same for all measurement times is known as quantum non-demolition (QND) measurement. With the QND measurement idea, it has become possible to detect photons without destroying its state. In this thesis, we present an optical QND measurement scheme known as the Mode invisibility technique to measure

•Jul 14, 2014•0 citations
Summary form only given. Copying machines in general use two approaches. One of the extreme cases is a classical copying machine, where measurements (destructive or non-destructive) are made on the original state, the results of which are then fed as parameters into some state preparation scheme which attempts to construct a copy of the original. The opposite extreme is a fully quantum copying machine which by some process that is unseen by external observers, creates a fixed number of copies, usually destroying the original in the process. Naturally in a realistic situation, noise will additionally degrade the quality of the copies, and copiers which utilise both of the processes above are obviously also possible. While quantum copying promises the possibility of many applications in the future, few specific examples of uses for a quantum copier have been considered so far. When discussing practical applications, quantum copiers have mainly been put forward as something to be defended against by quantum cryptography schemes. This talk presents a analysis of a possible application of quantum copiers: using them to improve detection efficiencies.
While it is known that copying a quantum system does not increase the amount of information obtainable about the originals, it may increase the amount available in practice, when one is restricted to imperfect measurements. We present a detection scheme which, using imperfect detectors and possibly noisy quantum copying machines (that entangle the copies), allows one to extract more information from an incoming signal than with the imperfect detectors alone. The case of single-photon detection with noisy, inefficient detectors and copiers (single controlled-NOT gates in this case) is investigated in detail. The improvement in distinguishability between a photon and vacuum is found to occur for a wide range of parameters, and to be quite robust to random noise. The properties that a quantum-copying device must have to be useful in this scheme are investigated.
We find that very different quantum copying machines are optimal depending on the indicator used to assess their performance. Several quantum copying machine models acting on nonorthogonal input states are investigated, and assessed according to two types of criteria: transfer of (Shannon) information encoded in the initial states to the copies, and fidelity between the copies and the initial states. Transformations that optimize information transfer for messages encoded in qubits are found for three situations: (1) when the message is decoded one state at a time; (2) with simple schemes that allow the message to be encoded using block-coding schemes; and (3) when the copier produces independent copies. If the message is decoded one symbol at a time, information is best copied by a Wootters-Zurek copier.
Although the realization of useful quantum computers poses significant challenges, swift progress in emerging quantum technologies is making this goal realistically approachable. In this context, one of the essential resources is quantum entanglement, which allows for quantum computations outperforming their classical counterparts. However, the task of entanglement detection is not always straightforward for several reasons. One of the main challenges is that standardly-used methods rapidly become unfeasible when dealing with quantum states containing more than a few qubits. Typically, this is due to the fact that a vast amount of measurements is needed on many copies of the state. Generally, it is not unusual to deal with a very limited number of state copies in experimental settings - in fact, this may be the case for many large quantum systems. In this article, an overview is provided of a probabilistic approach that enables high-confidence genuine multipartite entanglement detection using an exceptionally low number of state copies. Additionally, a study is presented that shows that this protocol remains efficient also in the presence of noise, thus confirming the practicality of the method for near-term quantum devices and its suitability for complex experimental settings.
Abstract One of the main challenges of quantum information is the reliable verification of quantum entanglement. The conventional detection schemes require repeated measurement on a large number of identically prepared systems. This is hard to achieve in practice when dealing with large-scale entangled quantum systems. In this letter we formulate verification as a decision procedure, i.e., entanglement is seen as the ability of quantum system to answer certain “yes-no questions”. We show that for a variety of large quantum states even a single copy suffices to detect entanglement with a high probability by using local measurements. For example, a single copy of a 16-qubit k-producible state or one copy of 24-qubit linear cluster state suffices to verify entanglement with more than 95% confidence. Our method is applicable to many important classes of states, such as cluster states or ground states of local Hamiltonians in general.
I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii The act of measuring an observable of a quantum system introduces backaction noise to the measured system. In the most extreme case, the system gets destroyed with its state left unavailable for future measurement. An example is the photodetection process where photons are destroyed upon detection. It is desirable to consider schemes that avoid the back action effect induced on detected observable due to the measurement. Such measurement scheme in which one is able to repeat a measurement on a physical observable, with the result of each measurement being the same for all measurement times is known as quantum non-demolition (QND) measurement. With the QND measurement idea, it has become possible to detect photons without destroying its state. In this thesis, we present an optical QND measurement scheme known as the Mode invisibility technique to measure