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Journal of Lightwave Technology

Completely Capturing Light Pulses in a Few Dynamically Tuned Microcavities

Clayton R. Otey, Michelle L. Povinelli, Shanhui Fan

Published Dec 1, 2008• 18 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We describe a dynamically tuned system capable of capturing light pulses incident from a waveguide in a pair of microcavities. We use coupled mode theory to design a method for determining how to tune the microcavity resonant frequencies. The results show that pulses can be captured almost completely, with arbitrarily small reflected power. We optimize the pulse capture bandwidth by varying the cavity coupling constants and show that the maximum bandwidth is comparable to the resonant-frequency tuning range. Our system may be implemented using refractive-index tuning in a 2-D silicon photonic crystal slab. Current technology would allow for capture of pulses with widths as low as ~100 ps, with a holding time limited only by cavity loss rates.

DOI
10.1109/jlt.2008.2005511

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We describe a dynamically tuned system capable of capturing light pulses incident from a waveguide in a pair of microcavities. We use coupled mode theory to design a method for determining how to tune the microcavity resonant frequencies. The results show that pulses can be captured almost completely, with arbitrarily small reflected power. We optimize the pulse capture bandwidth by varying the cavity coupling constants and show that the maximum bandwidth is comparable to the resonant-frequency tuning range. Our system may be implemented using refractive-index tuning in a 2-D silicon photonic crystal slab. Current technology would allow for capture of pulses with widths as low as ~100 ps, with a holding time limited only by cavity loss rates.
An approach to store light dynamically in slow light waveguides is proposed. First, design guidelines are developed for waveguides that allow dynamic group velocity control. Then an example of a silicon photonic crystal waveguide is presented where group velocity can be drastically reduced by applying a refractive index change of−5.5×10−2{-}{5.5}\times 10^{-2}−5.5×10−2to a specific part of the waveguide. Performing the index change while a light pulse is confined to the waveguide, we show by numerical simulations a tunable storage time of more than 70 ps for a pulse of 60 GHz bandwidth. We argue that the magnitude of the required change of the refractive index can be reduced by mode optimization.
Ability to tune the group velocity of a light pulse is of great importance for optical communication applications and realization of quantum information processing. Tunability of group velocity can be achieved by using either optical or electronic resonances. Tunability of an optical resonance depends on the change in refractive index of the cavity material. However, since electro-optical coefficients of non-engineered materials are quite small, the tuning range of optical resonances by electric field is narrow. This makes tuning by electric field impractical for most applications. Quantum dot (QD) coupled to a photonic crystal cavity is a useful hybrid system exhibiting nonlinear features. In this work, we analyze the use of quantum dot - optical cavity hybrid systems to engineer nonlinear waveguides susceptible to electric fields. We start by theoretically analyzing the optical pulse propagation at low-photon number excitation limit in a periodically arranged strongly coupled quantum dot - photonic crystal system. A one dimensional periodic array of evanescently coupled photonic cavities (coupled resonator optical waveguides, CROWs) containing non-interacting quantum dots allows us to tune the group velocity and the bandwidth of the pulse by adjusting the cavity/QD coupling. Tunable group velocity can be achieved by applying an external electric field which will result in a significant decrease in the cavity/QD coupling because of DC Stark effect. We also show that, using this approach, light pulses can be slowed down or stored by compressing the pulse bandwidth adiabatically and reversibly. Adiabatic bandwidth compression can be achieved by slowly decreasing the coupling strength when the light pulse is inside the coupled resonator optical waveguide. The energy splitting and the coupling constant after applying electric field is calculated by using perturbation theory for two level systems. With our approach, nonlinear materials highly susceptible to electric fields can be engineered in low-excitation regime.
Abstract Controlling the flow of light on-chip is of great importance for quantum computing and optical signal processing. In this paper, we present a theoretical study to reveal the underlying physics of how to effectively trap, store and release a signal pulse, and eventually break the delay-bandwidth limit, based on controllable EIT-like effect in dynamically tuned standing-wave cascaded nanocavities. Using this mechanism, we design a compact silicon photonic crystal system with long storing time and a delay-bandwidth product over 460, which is about two orders of magnitude greater than the reported results obtained by other methods based on static resonator system, and the trapped signal pulse can be released on demand.
We theoretically investigate slow and fast light propagation and pulse velocity control in a nanocavity containing a single quantum dot side-coupled to a planar-photonic-crystal waveguide. We demonstrate that low coupling strength (i.e., the weak coupling regime) between a cavity and a dot, under on-resonance condition, can lead to delays of about +90 ps for a pulse 1/e-width of 280 ps. The group delay dependence on the various coupling parameters suggests achievable delays of +300 ps and consequently very slow light speeds of around 5000 m/s in a 1.5 microm cavity-waveguide section. We also show that under off-resonant condition one can achieve significant pulse advancement of -60 ps.
We demonstrate numerically that the wavelength conversion of light is possible by the simple dynamic refractive index tuning of an optical cavity in a photonic crystal. We also clarify the mechanism and conservation rule for this conversion process. In addition, we discuss the observability of this phenomenon in realistic cavities. Our results indicate that this linear adiabatic wavelength conversion process can be observed for various high-QQQ microcavities.