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IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity

Microwave radiation from Josephson junctions built in micro-strip line

Vladislav V. Kurin, M. Yu. Levichev, Vadim A. Markelov, V.D. Gelikonova, P.A. Shisharin, S. I. Borovitskii, Alexander M. Klushin

Published Jun 1, 1995• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper we present the results of investigation of high frequency dynamics of Josephson junction array built in niobium strip line with fin-line antenna. Mutual interaction between junctions and microwave radiation produced by the array is investigated.>
DOI
10.1109/77.403197

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•Jan 1, 2000•2 citations
We performed experimental investigations of the interaction between separate discrete niobium Josephson junction (JJ) arrays. It was found out that after tuning the arrays to the equal Josephson frequency the amplification of power is registered. The arrays are straight strip lines with 332 JJs oriented in parallel and located on common silicon substrate as well as on different substrates configured in a stack. The effect of amplification is observed at frequencies of up to 204 GHz while the gain relatively to the sum of power from alone radiated arrays can be as large as 3. These results indicate the mutual synchronization of niobium JJ arrays that would forces the submillimeter generation technique based on large JJ arrays with superwavelength dimensions.
A major factor in the practical utilization of any Josephson device for microwave and higher frequency applications (such as the generation and detection of electromagnetic radiation) is the success with which the junction device can be coupled to an external transmission line. As part of an experimental investigation of the electrodynamics of small arrays of Josephson tunnel junctions, the properties of the coherent radiation emitted both by individual junctions and by coupled junction systems have been studied at frequencies between 2 and 12 GHz. Near 9 GHz, more than 10-9 W of coherent radiation has been detected from a single Pb-Pb oxide-Pb junction coupled via waveguide. The development of thin film devices in which the tunnel junctions form part of a microstrip line have made it feasible to observe directly (in a single device) the radiation emitted both at the fundamental geometrical frequency and at the low order harmonics. The observed temperature dependence of the junction cavity Q indicate the low temperature losses are primarily due to cavity loading of the external transmission line.
We report heterodyne measurements of Josephson microwave radiation emitted by a parallel array of small superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) junctions at submillimeter-wave frequencies. The array consists of five Nb/Al–AlOx/Nb junctions nonevenly distributed in a niobium superconducting stripline, and is optimized for rf coupling in the 450–640 GHz range. We observed Fiske-like resonant steps in its I-V curve in the presence of magnetic field. The device was placed in a waveguide mount, and its radiation was quasioptically coupled out of the cryostat, to a SIS-mixer spectrometer in the same frequency range, with a 4–8 GHz band for spectral analysis. We detected a coherent signal in the spectra when the array was biased on the first and third steps, respectively, at the first harmonic frequency of 242 GHz and at the fundamental frequency of 493 GHz, both being the Josephson frequencies associated with their dc voltages. This strongly suggests that this type of parallel arrays optimized for wideband rf coupling, though strongly discretized, hosts dynamic fluxon regimes similar to long Josephson junctions, which could find applications in superconducting digital electronics or integrated heterodyne submillimeter-wave receivers.
A high temperature superconducting YBa2Cu3Oy array of five Josephson junctions designed with additional coupling lines has been developed to demonstrate the effects of frequency locking and impedance matching for applications such as oscillators, mixers, and detectors. The Josephson self-radiation power was directly detected by a superheterodyne receiver, and Shapiro steps were also measured. The Josephson self-radiation properties reveal good quality of phase locking and microwave coupling with external circuits. The maximum self-radiation power of our array is about 50 pW which is several ten times higher than that of a single Josephson junction, and its peak point exactly satisfies the Josephson current-voltage relation. The Shapiro-step measurements show that the behavior of current-voltage curve depends on the effective inductance of coupling lines which affects the total impedance of Josephson junction array and microwave coupling. The Josephson oscillation frequency was obtained up to about 880 GHz which is 73% of the maximum available frequency calculated from the characteristic voltage of the Josephson junctions. Experimental results show that this type of Josephson junction array can improve the Josephson self-radiation power and increase the maximum detectable frequency.
High-Tc Josephson junction arrays with coupling by superconducting short- circuited (5 µm wide and 0.1 µm thick) coupled microstrip lines, provided dc bias in parallel, were fabricated on bicrystal sapphire substrates for experimental investigation of the phase- locking phenomenon. Josephson self radiation, emitted by the array was measured by an external 90 GHz receiver for different applied dc magnetic fields. The numerical simulation of array shows that strong interaction between Josephson junctions and the standing waves within structure require small enough damping α≤ 10 -3 per coupling section for reduction of Josephson oscillation linewidth.