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Journal of Physics Condensed Matter

Cold exciton gases in coupled quantum well structures

Леонид Викторович Бутов

Published Jun 11, 2007• 96 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Cold exciton gases can be implemented in coupled quantum well structures. In this contribution, we review briefly the recent works on spontaneous coherence of cold excitons and on trapping of cold excitons with laser light.
DOI
10.1088/0953-8984/19/29/295202

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In recent years, experiments by several groups have demonstrated spontaneous coherence in polariton systems, which can be viewed as a type of nonequilibrium Bose-Einstein condensation. In these systems, the polariton lifetime is longer than, but not much longer than, the polariton-polariton scattering time which leads to the thermalization. By contrast, over the past twenty years several groups have pursued experiments in a different system, which has very long exciton lifetime, up to 30 microseconds or more, essentially infinite compared to the thermalization time of the excitons. Thermal equilibrium of this type of exciton in a trap has been demonstrated experimentally. In this system, the interactions between the excitons are not short-range contact interactions, but instead are dipole-dipole interactions, with the force at long range going as 1/r31/r^{3}1/r3. Up to now there has not been a universally accepted demonstration of BEC in this type of system, and the way forward will require better understanding of the many-body effects of the excitons. I review what has been learned and accomplished in the past two decades in the search for an equilibrium BEC in this promising system.