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IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics

Impact of Pump-Phase Modulation on FWM-Based Wavelength Conversion of D(Q)PSK Signals

Robert Elschner, Christian‐Alexander Bunge, B. Hüttl, A. Gual i Coca, Ch. Schmidt, Reinhold Ludwig, Colja Schubert, K. Petermann

Published Jan 1, 2008• 20 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate both theoretically and experimentally the impact of pump-phase modulation on differential phase shift keying (DPSK) and differential quadrature phase shift keying (DQPSK) signals in fiber-based parametric wavelength converters. It will be shown that the pump-phase modulation used to suppress stimulated Brillouin scattering introduces critical signal degradations and optical SNR penalties on DPSK signals, and more severe on DQPSK signals. Different modulation schemes will be theoretically investigated and the quantitative results are compared to system experiments. Finally, the theoretical results for a single conversion will be extended to multiple conversions to study the cascadability of the wavelength converter.

DOI
10.1109/jstqe.2008.920290

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Optical phase-sensitive amplifiers (PSAs) leverage nonlinear interactions to achieve noise figures below the conventional quantum limit. Dual-pump phase-insensitive amplification has been studied in wavelength conversion, phase conjugation and spectral inversion, but phase-sensitive amplification remains challenging due to stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in optical fibers. While pump-phase modulation helps mitigate SBS, it broadens the idler spectrum, complicating practical implementation. We demonstrate a counter-phase pump modulation approach to suppress idler spectral broadening using optical coherent combining and delayed self-heterodyne techniques to achieve excellent noise figure (NF) performance in dual-pump PSAs. Our methods achieve over 30 dB suppression of residual phase modulation tones and significantly improve the idler spectrum. We obtained a 20 dB gain with an NF of 1.45 dB and a minimal NF penalty of 0.2 dB due to pump-phase modulation. This achievement enables PSAs to support optical communication, wavelength conversion, and deep-space communication applications.
A novel phase erasure and format conversion of phase-shift keying (PSK) to conventional on-off keying (OOK) is proposed and demonstrated theoretically and experimentally. Using a single-pump nondegenerate phase sensitive amplification process in a highly nonlinear fiber, the 0 and 1-bits of the PSK signal obtain different gains through amplification and de-amplification. As a result, the modulation information is transferred onto the amplitude. With an optimized input power difference between the signal and idler, the signal phase information is erased with wavelength preservation after the PSA. The output constellation and eyediagrams show an effective phase erasure and format conversion of PSK to conventional OOK. The error vector magnitude is utilized to evaluate the scheme performance. The proposed scheme provides the flexibility for future optical communication networks.