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Applied Physics B

Atomic focusing and near field imaging: A combination for producing small-period nanostructures

S. Meneghini, В. И. Савичев, K. A. H. van Leeuwen, W. P. Schleich

Published May 1, 2000• 10 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s003400050880

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We develop a versatile theoretical approach to the study of ultracold atom diffractive scattering from light-field gratings by combining calculations of the optical near field generated by evanescent waves close to the surface of periodic nanostructured arrays with atom wavepacket propagation techniques. Nanometric one dimensional (1D) and 2D arrays with subwavelength periodicity deposited on a transparent surface and optically coupled to an evanescent wave source exhibit intensity and polarization gradients on the length scale of the object and can produce strong near-field periodic modulation in the optical potential above the structure. As a specific and experimentally practical example we calculate the diffraction of cold Cs atoms dropped onto a periodic optical potential crafted from a 2D nanostructure array. For an ``out-of-plane'' configuration we calculate a wide diffraction angle $(\ensuremath{\simeq}2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{})$ and about 6060%60 of the initial atom flux in diffraction orders $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1,$ an encouraging result for future experiments.
A nondiffracting propagation of an optical beam through a four-level double-V-type quantum system near a plasmonic nanostructure is investigated. We study the linear absorption and dispersion properties of the quantum system as it interacts with two laser fields. We discuss the effect of the control beam with a Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) profile on the focusing of the probe beam in the presence of a plasmonic nanostructure. An appropriately selected control beam excites one transition of the atomic system and generates a spatially varying refraction index modulation for a weak probe beam that couples to the other transition. We demonstrate that placing a plasmonic nanostructure at a nanometer distance from the atomic system and using a control field with the spatial structure leads to the diffraction-less propagation of the probe beam through the atomic system. Also, it is shown that the optical properties and probe beam focusing can be controlled by adjusting the distance of the plasmonic nanostructure from the atomic system. The proposed all-optical waveguide with high contrast and transmission can be used to implement applications such as image transfer through the medium and image processing.