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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Multigrating competition effects in photorefractive mutually pumped phase conjugation

Q. Byron He, Claire Gu, Ratnakar R. Neurgaonkar, Pochi Yeh

Published Jan 1, 1992• 23 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present both steady-state and dynamical studies of multigrating competition effects in photorefractive mutually pumped phase conjugation. It is shown that in the case of a single interaction region the conical ring, resulting from the scattering by multiple gratings, will collapse to the plane-wave component that has the highest gain. The coupling between the scattered beams is also considered. Both theoretical and experimental results are presented and discussed.

DOI
10.1364/josab.9.000114

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Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Jun 1, 1995•9 citations
We present both steady-state and dynamical studies of multigrating competition effects in photorefractive mutually pumped phase conjugation. It is shown that in the case of a single interaction region the conical ring, resulting from the scattering by multiple gratings, will collapse to the plane-wave component that has the highest gain. The coupling between the scattered beams is also considered. Both theoretical and experimental results are presented and discussed.
Multigrating optical phase conjugation in photorefractive media in the case of pump depletion and for arbitrary relationships among different coupling strengths is studied numerically. The role of linear absorption as well as the role of all the coupling mechanisms and their competition in the wave mixing process is examined. It is found that multigrating operation with accidental values of coupling constants leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the process. It is also shown that the presence of absorption, which is in principle detrimental, sometimes exerts a beneficial influence on multigrating phase conjugation.
We present theoretical and experimental studies of mutually pumped phase conjugation when a seed beam is injected that is the conjugate of one of the pumping beams. Good agreement exists between the theoretical and the experimental functional dependencies of the conjugate reflectivities on seed-beam intensity. However, the calculated gain is lower than that measured by two-beam coupling by nearly a factor of 2. We found that the seed-to-pump intensity ratio needs to exceed approximately 10−6, greater than 100 times the scattering, before the phase of the grating in the mutually pumped phase conjugator will follow the phase of the seed beam when it is varied by a moving mirror.
A numerical simulation for studying the kinetics of phase-conjugate beams generated by multigrating four-wave mixing has been developed. It has been applied to investigate the four-wave mixing process in BaTiO3 by use of realistic coupling coefficients. The role of the distinct gratings has been analyzed. Depending on the experimental conditions, constructive as well as destructive interference of the different contributions was obtained. Moreover, because of grating competition effects, π-phase changes in the phase-conjugate beam can occur during the kinetics. For large values of the coupling strength and specific regions of the physical parameters, unstable four-wave mixing dynamics were obtained. The analysis of the results provides some criteria for predicting the phase conjugator’s behavior in multigrating conditions.
Effects of stimulated photorefractive backscattering (SPB) interactions in both stimulated photorefractive backscattering and four-wave mixing (SPB-FWM) and total internal reflection (TIR) self-pumped phase conjugators have been analyzed theoretically. SPB interactions in the four-wave mixing regions are neglected. Calculations show that the operational threshold and the phase conjugation reflectivity of both phase conjugators are very sensitive to the backscattering two-wave mixing gain coefficient of the crystals. From these results the mechanism transition phenomenon of a self-pumped phase conjugator between SPB-FWM and TIR can be explained if the backscattering gain coefficient of the crystal varies with doping concentration or with wavelength.