Analyses of the runs (i.e., uninterrupted sequences of identical outcomes) were made of the temporal succession of decays from three nuclear processes: (1) \ensuremath{\beta} decay of ${}^{137}\mathrm{Cs},$ (2) electron capture decay of ${}^{54}\mathrm{Mn},$ and (3) \ensuremath{\beta} decay of ${}^{214}\mathrm{Bi}$ followed by \ensuremath{\alpha} decay of ${}^{214}\mathrm{Po}.$ Sample half lives vary widely from about 30 yr ${(}^{137}\mathrm{Cs})$ to 20 min ${(}^{214}\mathrm{Bi}).$ For each process, the numbers of runs of length k $(1<~k<~20)$ were determined from three distinct types of generating procedures: (a) runs with respect to a target value, (b) runs with respect to parity, and (c) runs with respect to sequential differences. Comparison of experimental results with those predicted by the theory of runs (on the assumption that every distinguishable arrangement of a temporal sequence of disintegrations is equally likely) provides comprehensive support of the hypothesis that the spontaneous decay of a nucleus is a random occurrence unaffected by past history.Analyses of the runs (i.e., uninterrupted sequences of identical outcomes) were made of the temporal succession of decays from three nuclear processes: (1) \ensuremath{\beta} decay of ${}^{137}\mathrm{Cs},$ (2) electron capture decay of ${}^{54}\mathrm{Mn},$ and (3) \ensuremath{\beta} decay of ${}^{214}\mathrm{Bi}$ followed by \ensuremath{\alpha} decay of ${}^{214}\mathrm{Po}.$ Sample half lives vary widely from about 30 yr ${(}^{137}\mathrm{Cs})$ to 20 min ${(}^{214}\mathrm{Bi}).$ For each process, the numbers of runs of length k $(1<~k<~20)$ were determined from three distinct types of generating procedures: (a) runs with respect to a target value, (b) runs with respect to parity, and (c) runs with respect to sequential differences. Comparison of experimental results with those predicted by the theory of runs (on the assumption that every distinguishable arrangement of a temporal sequence of disintegrations is equally likely) provides comprehensive support of the hypothesis that the spontaneous decay of a nucleus is a random occurrence unaffected by past history.

Physical Review AMar 17, 200021 citations

Experimental tests for randomness of quantum decay examined as a Markov process

Mark P. Silverman, Wayne Strange

Physics Letters AJul 1, 200012 citations

基于虚态跃迁双向通道的宏观相干微扰调控核衰变率理论

政坤陈

中文摘要本文提出基于虚态跃迁双向通道的宏观相干微扰理论,探究外场宏观相干扰动通过真空虚态耦合通道改变原子核能级结构,进而调控电子俘获、β⁻、α 三类天然核衰变半衰期。依托⁵⁷Co 同位素设计可落地的实验验证方案,建立半定量物理模型,为外场可控改变核衰变速率提供新的理论思路与实测路径。中文关键词核衰变调控、虚态跃迁、宏观相干、电子俘获、真空虚态场English AbstractThis paper proposes a macroscopic coherent perturbation theory based on two-way virtual state transition channels. It studies that external macroscopic coherent fields couple with atomic nuclei via vacuum virtual states to modify nuclear energy levels, thus adjusting the decay half-lives of electron capture, beta-minus decay and alpha decay. A feasible experimental scheme based on cobalt-57 is designed, and a semi-quantitative physical model is constructed for experimental verification of controllable nuclear decay rate.English Keywordsnuclear decay regulation; virtual state transition; macroscopic coherence; electron capture; vacuum virtual field中文摘要本文提出基于虚态跃迁双向通道的宏观相干微扰理论,探究外场宏观相干扰动通过真空虚态耦合通道改变原子核能级结构,进而调控电子俘获、β⁻、α 三类天然核衰变半衰期。依托⁵⁷Co 同位素设计可落地的实验验证方案,建立半定量物理模型,为外场可控改变核衰变速率提供新的理论思路与实测路径。中文关键词核衰变调控、虚态跃迁、宏观相干、电子俘获、真空虚态场English AbstractThis paper proposes a macroscopic coherent perturbation theory based on two-way virtual state transition channels. It studies that external macroscopic coherent fields couple with atomic nuclei via vacuum virtual states to modify nuclear energy levels, thus adjusting the decay half-lives of electron capture, beta-minus decay and alpha decay. A feasible experimental scheme based on cobalt-57 is designed, and a semi-quantitative physical model is constructed for experimental verification of controllable nuclear decay rate.English Keywordsnuclear decay regulation; virtual state transition; macroscopic coherence; electron capture; vacuum virtual field

May 29, 20260 citations

Experiments with long-lived neutral-atom traps

Kenneth G. Libbrecht, Phil A. Willems

May 8, 19940 citations

Fluctuation Effects in Electron Systems: Their Role in Electron-Pairing Mechanisms

Neil William Ashcroft

Recent Progress in Many-Body TheoriesJan 1, 19880 citations

三场协同相干微扰对 α 衰变的调控机理拓展

政坤陈

中文摘要依托本系列 V1.0 电子俘获衰变、V2.0 β⁻衰变的研究基础,本文将光 - 声 - 磁三场协同相干微扰跨尺度调控理论拓展至 α 衰变领域。传统核物理认为 α 衰变常数属于原子核固有属性,低能宏观外场无法对其实施调控,核心依据为库仑势垒、核内 α 粒子预形成概率均由核内强相互作用决定。本文结合 WKB 隧穿理论指出,α 衰变统计速率由 α 粒子穿透核表面库仑势垒的隧穿概率主导,核外电子云屏蔽状态、原子核周边真空虚态极化分布能够修正库仑势垒的高度、形貌与径向宽度,而低 Qα 核素隧穿概率对势垒参数具备指数级敏感度,微弱外场扰动可转化为可观测的衰变率偏移。本文以 Raiola 团队 210Po 金属基底 α 衰变实验为实证支撑,该实验仅更换金属衬底即可观测到 10⁻³~10⁻⁴量级的半衰期偏移,证实静态核外电子环境能够调制 α 衰变速率。基于该静态被动效应,本文构建主动、动态、时序可编程的三场协同调控方案,提出两条核心调控路径:其一为库仑势垒形貌调制,依靠激光交流斯塔克效应与超声周期性形变电子云,直接改变 α 粒子隧穿效率,是核心作用通道;其二为高阶受激虚态级联散射,借助脉冲磁场非绝热效应固化多场耦合产生的定向量子净效应,作为高阶补充通道。文中提出库仑势垒全域联动耦合机制,证明电子俘获、β⁻、α 三类天然衰变共享核表面静电势界面,一套三场系统可同步对三类衰变实现调控。本文设计分层实验核素、四重抗干扰装置与 3σ 置信度可证伪判定标准,完整规划四阶段分步实验流程与 γ 射线内标校正方案;同时客观说明当前尚无主动外场调控 α 衰变的公开实验数据,全部理论推演基于物理连续性假设,有待高精度对照实验核验。本文完成后,本系列理论搭建起覆盖全部主流天然核衰变的统一跨尺度调控框架。中文关键词α 衰变;库仑势垒隧穿;三场协同相干微扰;真空虚态场;金属介质衰变效应;核衰变速率调控;WKB 准经典近似;高阶虚态级联散射;210Po 放射源;可证伪核物理实验 English AbstractBased on the research foundation of electron capture decay (V1.0) and β⁻ decay (V2.0) in this series, this paper extends the cross-scale regulation theory of light-acoustic-magnetic three-field synergistic coherent perturbation to the field of α decay. Conventional nuclear physics regards the α decay constant as an intrinsic property of atomic nuclei, which cannot be modulated by low-energy macroscopic external fields. The core reasoning is that both the Coulomb barrier and the preformation probability of α particles inside nuclei are determined by intranuclear strong interactions. Combined with the WKB tunneling theory, this paper points out that the statistical rate of α decay is dominated by the tunneling probability of α particles penetrating the Coulomb barrier on the nuclear surface. The shielding state of extranuclear electron clouds and the polarization distribution of vacuum virtual states around nuclei can revise the height, morphology and radial width of the Coulomb barrier. For nuclides with low Qα values, the tunneling probability has an exponential sensitivity to barrier parameters, so weak external field perturbations can be converted into observable shifts of decay rates. This paper takes the α decay experiment of ²¹⁰Po implanted in different metal substrates conducted by Raiola’s team as empirical support. The experiment observed half-life shifts of 10⁻³~10⁻⁴ only by replacing metal substrates, which verifies that the static extranuclear electron environment can modulate α decay rates. On the basis of this static passive effect, this paper constructs an active, dynamic and time-sequence programmable three-field synergistic regulation scheme, and puts forward two core regulation pathways. The first one is Coulomb barrier morphology modulation, which directly changes the tunneling efficiency of α particles relying on the AC Stark effect of laser and the periodic deformation of electron clouds by ultrasonic waves, serving as the core action channel. The second one is high-order stimulated virtual state cascade scattering, which solidifies the directional quantum net effect generated by multi-field coupling via the non-adiabatic effect of pulsed magnetic fields as a high-order supplementary channel. A global linkage coupling mechanism of Coulomb barriers is proposed in this paper, proving that three types of natural decays including electron capture, β⁻ and α decay share the electrostatic potential interface on the nuclear surface, and one set of three-field system can simultaneously regulate all three decay modes. This paper designs layered experimental nuclides, four-layer anti-interference equipment, falsification criteria with 3σ confidence level, and fully plans a four-stage step-by-step experimental procedure as well as an internal calibration scheme of gamma rays. It is objectively stated that there is no public experimental data on active external field modulation of α decay at present, all theoretical deductions are based on the assumption of physical continuity and need to be verified by high-precision controlled experiments. After the completion of this paper, the theoretical series establishes a unified cross-scale regulation framework covering all mainstream natural nuclear decays. English Keywordsα decay; Coulomb barrier tunneling; three-field synergistic coherent perturbation; vacuum virtual state field; metal-medium decay effect; nuclear decay rate regulation; WKB quasi-classical approximation; high-order virtual state cascade scattering; ²¹⁰Po radioactive source; falsifiable nuclear physics experiment中文摘要依托本系列 V1.0 电子俘获衰变、V2.0 β⁻衰变的研究基础,本文将光 - 声 - 磁三场协同相干微扰跨尺度调控理论拓展至 α 衰变领域。传统核物理认为 α 衰变常数属于原子核固有属性,低能宏观外场无法对其实施调控,核心依据为库仑势垒、核内 α 粒子预形成概率均由核内强相互作用决定。本文结合 WKB 隧穿理论指出,α 衰变统计速率由 α 粒子穿透核表面库仑势垒的隧穿概率主导,核外电子云屏蔽状态、原子核周边真空虚态极化分布能够修正库仑势垒的高度、形貌与径向宽度,而低 Qα 核素隧穿概率对势垒参数具备指数级敏感度,微弱外场扰动可转化为可观测的衰变率偏移。本文以 Raiola 团队 210Po 金属基底 α 衰变实验为实证支撑,该实验仅更换金属衬底即可观测到 10⁻³~10⁻⁴量级的半衰期偏移,证实静态核外电子环境能够调制 α 衰变速率。基于该静态被动效应,本文构建主动、动态、时序可编程的三场协同调控方案,提出两条核心调控路径:其一为库仑势垒形貌调制,依靠激光交流斯塔克效应与超声周期性形变电子云,直接改变 α 粒子隧穿效率,是核心作用通道;其二为高阶受激虚态级联散射,借助脉冲磁场非绝热效应固化多场耦合产生的定向量子净效应,作为高阶补充通道。文中提出库仑势垒全域联动耦合机制,证明电子俘获、β⁻、α 三类天然衰变共享核表面静电势界面,一套三场系统可同步对三类衰变实现调控。本文设计分层实验核素、四重抗干扰装置与 3σ 置信度可证伪判定标准,完整规划四阶段分步实验流程与 γ 射线内标校正方案;同时客观说明当前尚无主动外场调控 α 衰变的公开实验数据,全部理论推演基于物理连续性假设,有待高精度对照实验核验。本文完成后,本系列理论搭建起覆盖全部主流天然核衰变的统一跨尺度调控框架。中文关键词α 衰变;库仑势垒隧穿;三场协同相干微扰;真空虚态场;金属介质衰变效应;核衰变速率调控;WKB 准经典近似;高阶虚态级联散射;210Po 放射源;可证伪核物理实验 English AbstractBased on the research foundation of electron capture decay (V1.0) and β⁻ decay (V2.0) in this series, this paper extends the cross-scale regulation theory of light-acoustic-magnetic three-field synergistic coherent perturbation to the field of α decay. Conventional nuclear physics regards the α decay constant as an intrinsic property of atomic nuclei, which cannot be modulated by low-energy macroscopic external fields. The core reasoning is that both the Coulomb barrier and the preformation probability of α particles inside nuclei are determined by intranuclear strong interactions. Combined with the WKB tunneling theory, this paper points out that the statistical rate of α decay is dominated by the tunneling probability of α particles penetrating the Coulomb barrier on the nuclear surface. The shielding state of extranuclear electron clouds and the polarization distribution of vacuum virtual states around nuclei can revise the height, morphology and radial width of the Coulomb barrier. For nuclides with low Qα values, the tunneling probability has an exponential sensitivity to barrier parameters, so weak external field perturbations can be converted into observable shifts of decay rates. This paper takes the α decay experiment of ²¹⁰Po implanted in different metal substrates conducted by Raiola’s team as empirical support. The experiment observed half-life shifts of 10⁻³~10⁻⁴ only by replacing metal substrates, which verifies that the static extranuclear electron environment can modulate α decay rates. On the basis of this static passive effect, this paper constructs an active, dynamic and time-sequence programmable three-field synergistic regulation scheme, and puts forward two core regulation pathways. The first one is Coulomb barrier morphology modulation, which directly changes the tunneling efficiency of α particles relying on the AC Stark effect of laser and the periodic deformation of electron clouds by ultrasonic waves, serving as the core action channel. The second one is high-order stimulated virtual state cascade scattering, which solidifies the directional quantum net effect generated by multi-field coupling via the non-adiabatic effect of pulsed magnetic fields as a high-order supplementary channel. A global linkage coupling mechanism of Coulomb barriers is proposed in this paper, proving that three types of natural decays including electron capture, β⁻ and α decay share the electrostatic potential interface on the nuclear surface, and one set of three-field system can simultaneously regulate all three decay modes. This paper designs layered experimental nuclides, four-layer anti-interference equipment, falsification criteria with 3σ confidence level, and fully plans a four-stage step-by-step experimental procedure as well as an internal calibration scheme of gamma rays. It is objectively stated that there is no public experimental data on active external field modulation of α decay at present, all theoretical deductions are based on the assumption of physical continuity and need to be verified by high-precision controlled experiments. After the completion of this paper, the theoretical series establishes a unified cross-scale regulation framework covering all mainstream natural nuclear decays. English Keywordsα decay; Coulomb barrier tunneling; three-field synergistic coherent perturbation; vacuum virtual state field; metal-medium decay effect; nuclear decay rate regulation; WKB quasi-classical approximation; high-order virtual state cascade scattering; ²¹⁰Po radioactive source; falsifiable nuclear physics experiment

May 30, 20260 citations

Analyses of the runs (i.e., uninterrupted sequences of identical outcomes) were made of the temporal succession of decays from three nuclear processes: (1) \ensuremath{\beta} decay of

{}^{137}\mathrm{Cs},

(2) electron capture decay of

{}^{54}\mathrm{Mn},

and (3) \ensuremath{\beta} decay of

{}^{214}\mathrm{Bi}

followed by \ensuremath{\alpha} decay of

{}^{214}\mathrm{Po}.

Sample half lives vary widely from about 30 yr

{(}^{137}\mathrm{Cs})

to 20 min

{(}^{214}\mathrm{Bi}).

For each process, the numbers of runs of length k

(1<~k<~20)

were determined from three distinct types of generating procedures: (a) runs with respect to a target value, (b) runs with respect to parity, and (c) runs with respect to sequential differences. Comparison of experimental results with those predicted by the theory of runs (on the assumption that every distinguishable arrangement of a temporal sequence of disintegrations is equally likely) provides comprehensive support of the hypothesis that the spontaneous decay of a nucleus is a random occurrence unaffected by past history.