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IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity

Quasioptical Hilbert transform spectrometer

Michael A. Tarasov, A. Shul’man, G.V. Prokopenko, V. P. Koshelets, O.Yu. Polyanski, I.L. Lapitskaya, Alexander N. Vystavkin, E.L. Kosarev

Published Jun 1, 1995• 12 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A quasioptical spectrometer using Hilbert transformation of Josephson junction response has been designed, fabricated and experimentally studied. Resistively shunted SIS junctions have been used as the Josephson sensor placed in the centre of a complementary logarithmic spiral antenna. The response was studied in the 75-150 GHz frequency band. A resolution below 1 GHz and noise equivalent power about 10/sup -13/-10/sup -14/ W has been measured for the 0.7 /spl Omega/ junction. The measured spectrum is obtained by means of Hilbert transformation via a novel deconvolution program based on the maximum likelihood approach. This allows one to diminish the measured interval of bias voltage and avoid measurements of the noisy part of the response curve without loss of the spectral resolution.>

DOI
10.1109/77.403144

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A quasioptical spectrometer using Hilbert transformation of Josephson junction response has been designed, fabricated and experimentally studied. Resistively shunted SIS junctions have been used as the Josephson sensor placed in the centre of a complementary logarithmic spiral antenna. The response was studied in the 75-150 GHz frequency band. A resolution below 1 GHz and noise equivalent power about 10/sup -13/-10/sup -14/ W has been measured for the 0.7 /spl Omega/ junction. The measured spectrum is obtained by means of Hilbert transformation via a novel deconvolution program based on the maximum likelihood approach. This allows one to diminish the measured interval of bias voltage and avoid measurements of the noisy part of the response curve without loss of the spectral resolution.>
A millimeter-wave spectrometer using the Hilbert transformation of the resistively-shunted SIS junction response has been designed, fabricated and experimentally studied. The SIS junctions have been used as a Josephson sensor placed in the center of complementary logarithmic spiral antenna. The response was studied in 75-150 GHz frequency band. The resolution below 1 GHz and noise equivalent power about 10-13-10-14W has been measured for the 0.7 Ω junction. The measured spectrum has been obtained by means of the Hilbert transformation via novel deconvolution program based on the maximum likelihood approach. This allows to diminish the measured interval of bias voltage and to avoid contribution of the noisy part of response curve without loss of the spectral resolution.
A quasioptical Josephson detector with resistively shunted superconducting tunnel junctions of superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) type and different integrated matching circuits for mm waveband region has been designed, fabricated and experimentally studied. A special quasioptical cryogenic probe has been designed and fabricated for measurements of microwave response of such integrated receiving structures. For low-frequency matching a cold transformer has been used at the output port. Many efforts have been made for reducing the external noise influence on Josephson junction IV curve. Quasioptical beamguide has been optimized and adjusted using Bi bolometers evaporated instead of Josephson junctions in the center of planar antenna. Beampatterns of several types of planar antennas, including self-complementary and non-complementary logarithmic spiral and log-periodic antennas, have been measured using the same technique.
Integrated receiving structure comprising self-Babinet-complementary spiral antenna and two SIS junctions connected in series via two matching microstrip structures has been designed, fabricated and experimentally studied. The calculated microwave responsp for such receiving structure has two maxima at 450 and 900 GHz. Direct detector response of such receiving structures has been measured using Fourier Transform Spectrometer in the frequency range 0.1 -1 THz. Microwave mixer performance has been measured with 500 GHz band LO source. The Josephson conversion with noise temperature of about 100 K was observed in the vicinity of the first Shapiro step at about 0.95 mV corresponding to 475 GHz signal frequency and with noise temperature 360 K near the second step at 1.8 mV corresponding to 900 GHz signal frequency. To prove that it was correct frequency down conversion the additional experiment was performed at first Shapiro step using the 4-th harmonic of Gunn oscillator 4×120 GHz instead of hot/cold load signal source.
A Josephson high-temperature superconducting (HTSC) submillimeter-wave spectrometer is designed, built, and experimentally investigated. The integrated detection structure of the spectrometer includes a YBCO Josephson junction on a bicrystalline boundary, a double-slot or log-periodic antenna, and a low-inductance resistive shunt. The selective detector response and the response at an intermediate frequency of 1.4 GHz are measured under the action of a signal in the frequency range 350–1250 GHz. Three methods of spectroscopy are investigated using this setup: 1) a method of Hilbert spectroscopy with processing of the detector response is implemented; 2) it is found that for a wide Josephson line at intermediate frequency (IF) the response has the same form as the detector response, making it possible to obtain a spectrum and the width of the generation line from IF response measurements; 3) for a narrow Josephson line the IF response corresponds to the regime of conversion with self-pumping. A new method is proposed for calculating the emission spectrum. The method consists of simple shift, summation, and subtraction operations. The advantages of the method are simplicity, high sensitivity, and high resolution.
An integrated quasioptical receiver circuit comprising planar complementary log-periodic antenna, SIS mixer with microstrip matching transformers and parallel array of unshunted SIS junctions operating as a local oscillator has been designed, fabricated and dc tested. The array of parallel SIS junctions united in a microstrip transmission line can be described as a Josephson transmission line (JTL) with single flux quanta synchronously moving along the array of quantum interferometers. The JTL with 20 junctions 4 /spl mu/m in diameter has critical current 4.5 mA, normal resistance 0.3 /spl Omega/ and a self-detection step at about 1.1 mV. The step width is over 1.5 mA in current scale and 50 /spl mu/V in voltage scale that corresponds to 2.5 /spl mu/W oscillation power and 25 GHz tuning range with 550 GHz central frequency. A current applied along the top electrode of JTL allows to vary the output power of such oscillator. The advantages of such oscillator are higher impedance of microstrip line about 10 /spl Omega/ that makes easier matching to SIS mixer, lower losses at frequencies about the energy gap for Nb and the possibility to tune output power. The SIS junction IV curve shows self-resonant steps at about 1.2 mV that corresponds to the matching circuit central frequency about 600 GHz and is close to the JTL central frequency.
An HTS Josephson spectrometer has been designed, fabricated and experimentally studied. The spectrometer circuit consists of a YBCO bicrystal Josephson junction integrated with a double-slot or log-periodic antenna, connected in parallel with a gold low-inductance shunt. The selective detector response and RF response at intermediate frequency f IF = 1.4 GHz were measured in the signal frequency range f s = 400-1250 GHz and the linewidth of Josephson oscillations (LJO) was determined by using three different methods. (1) The Hilbert spectroscopy approach was used in the processing of the selective detector response. (2) In case of f IF < LJO the detector and RF responses have similar shapes, allowing the spectrum and LJO to be extracted from the RF response and even processing by modified Hilbert spectroscopy. (3) The RF response at f IF > LJO corresponds to the frequency down-conversion in a self-pumped Josephson mixer mode. For the processing of the RF response in the high f IF limit we suggest a novel method that allows extraction of the signal spectrum by means of simple operations: shifting, summing and subtracting. The advantage of the RF response method is in its simplicity and higher sensitivity that allows it to be proposed for spectroscopy applications.