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Physical Review Letters

Integrability and Conservation Laws for the Nonlinear Evolution Equations of Partially Coherent Waves in Noninstantaneous Kerr Media

Tobias Hansson, M. Lisak, D. Anderson

Published Feb 8, 2012• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

It is shown that the evolution equations describing partially coherent wave propagation in noninstantaneous Kerr media are integrable and have an infinite number of invariants. A recursion relation for generating these invariants is presented, and it is demonstrated how to express them in the coherent density, self-consistent multimode, mutual coherence, and Wigner formalisms.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.108.063901

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It is shown that the evolution equations describing partially coherent wave propagation in noninstantaneous Kerr media are integrable and have an infinite number of invariants. A recursion relation for generating these invariants is presented, and it is demonstrated how to express them in the coherent density, self-consistent multimode, mutual coherence, and Wigner formalisms.
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Abstract A Wigner functional approach is used to derive an evolution equation for a photonic state propagating through a Kerr medium. The resulting evolution equation incorporates all the spatiotemporal degrees of freedom together with the photon-number degrees of freedom and thus allows thorough analyses of the effects of experimental parameters in physical quantum information systems. We then use the evolution equation to consider four-wave mixing as a spontaneous process and finally we impose some approximations to obtain an expression for the optical field due to self-phase modulation.
With the use of a quantum theory of optical propagation, a set of nonlinear stochastic partial differential equations may be derived which describes the quantum-statistical properties of traveling waves due to self-phase modulation in a nonlinear medium. We calculate exact moments for the field, which exhibit classical self-phase modulation in the short-interaction limit and periodic quantum evolution through field-superposition states in the long-interaction limit. Reversible and irreversible behaviors of the stochastic description are reviewed. The relation of the present work to the corresponding single-mode nonlinear oscillator is discussed.
A general quantum theory of nonlinear mixing in multimode fields is formulated. The theory is valid for arbitrary media and thus includes various diverse cases such as those corresponding to nonlinear mixing in multilevel systems, optical fibers, etc. Thus Zeeman coherence effects are automatically included. It is applicable to both degenerate and nondegenerate mixing experiments. The theory is in terms of two distinct sets of correlation functions of the polarization operators. One set of correlations is related to the nonlinear susceptibilities. The other set has no counterpart in semiclassical theory and is related to the quantum mechanical flunctuations of the polarization operator. The general structure of the evolution of the density matrix of the generated fields is discussed. The quantum statistics of the generated fields can be studied in terms of the Wigner distribution function which is explicitly evaluated. Higher-order squeezing characteristics of the field are discussed. Conditions in which the quantization of the semiclassical equations is adequate are examined. The application of the quantum theory to nonlinear mixing in two-photon media is also presented. The theory is also capable of accounting for the interparticle correlations.