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Open Systems & Information Dynamics

Quantum Blackwell–Sherman–Stein Theorem and Related Results

Krzysztof Kaniowski, Katarzyna Lubnauer, Andrzej Łuczak

Published Nov 25, 2013• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the problem of comparing quantum statistical models in the general operator algebra framework in arbitrary dimension, thus generalizing results obtained so far in finite dimension, and for the full algebra of operators on a Hilbert space. In particular, the quantum Blackwell–Sherman–Stein theorem is obtained, and informational subordination of quantum information structures is characterized.

DOI
10.1142/s1230161213500170

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Given any subset ℬ, containing the identity (1), of ℬ (ℋ) (the bounded operators on some Hilbert space ℋ), and given two states σ and ρ on ℬ(ℋ), a definition was given in [3] of entℬ (σℬ|ρ|ℬ) - ‘the entropy of σ relative to ρ given the information in ℬ’. It was shown that, for ℬ an injective von Neumann algebra, the resulting relative entropy agreed with those of Umegaki, Araki, Pusz and Woronowicz, and Uhlmann. The purpose of this paper is to explore this definition further. After some technical preliminaries in Section 2, in Section 3 a new characterization of entℬ(ℋ) (σ|ρ) for σ and ρ normal states will be given. In Section 4 it will be shown that under fairly general circumstances the relative entropy on algebras can be used for statistical inference. This is important for applications of the relative entropy. I shall given the briefest sketches of how I see these applications being made in the measurement problem in quantum theory and in a ‘many worlds’ interpretation. The vigilant reader will notice that the scheme proposed in Section 4 for modelling measurements subject to given compatibility requirements differs slightly from that proposed in the introduction to [3]. The reason for this is outlined in Section 5, where an explicit computation is made of the relative entropy for the simplest non-trivial case in which ℬ is not an algebra; when ℬ = {1, P, Q} for P and Q projections subject to certain conditions.

Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society•Mar 1, 1987•48 citations
We investigate the problem of comparing quantum statistical models in the general operator algebra framework in arbitrary dimension, thus generalizing results obtained so far in finite dimension, and for the full algebra of operators on a Hilbert space. In particular, the quantum Blackwell–Sherman–Stein theorem is obtained, and informational subordination of quantum information structures is characterized.
Even though quantum information theory gives advantage over classical information theory, these two information theories have a structural similarity that many exponet rates of information tasks asymptotically equal to entropic quantities. A typical example is Stein's Lemma, which many researchers still keep interested in. In this paper, in order to analyze the mathemtaical roots of the structural similarity, we investigate mathematically minimum structure where Stein's Lemma holds. We focus on the structure of Euclidean Jordan Algebras (EJAs), which is a generalization of the algebraic structure in quantum theory, and we investigate the properties of general models of General Probabilistic Theories (GPTs) generated by EJAs. As a result, we prove Stein's Lemma in any model of GPTs generated by EJAs by establishing a generalization of information theoretical tools from the mathematical properties of EJAs.
We establish duality relations for conditional entropies relative to subalgebras of arbitrary von Neumann algebras, including the Umegaki relative entropy as well as the sandwiched- and Petz-Rényi divergences. Even in finite dimensions, these results extend the familiar dualities for conditional entropies from tensor-product subsystems to general subalgebras, while also lifting the framework to the fully infinite-dimensional setting. As an application, we establish an infinite-dimensional extension of quantum Stein's lemma when the alternative hypothesis is the state space of a finite-index subalgebra, which gives an operational interpretation of the relative entropy to a subalgebra as the optimal asymptotic error exponent in composite quantum hypothesis testing-the first beyond finite dimensions.
The crucial feature of a memoryless stochastic process is that any information about its state can only decrease as the system evolves. Here we show that such a decrease of information is equivalent to the underlying stochastic evolution being divisible. The main result, which holds independently of the model of the microscopic interaction and is valid for both classical and quantum stochastic processes, relies on a quantum version of the so-called Blackwell-Sherman-Stein theorem in classical statistics.
We present our recent results on limit theorems for quantum entropies and their applications in quantum information theory. They include the full extensions of the fundamental asymptotic equipartition property (AEP) to ergodic quantum informations sources and the ergodic version of Stein's Lemma on quantum hypothesis testing. These limit theorems are then used to obtain a data compression theorem for ergodic quantum sources and a quantum version of Sanov's theorem on large deviations for uncorrelated quantum sources. Moreover, Stein's lemma clearifies the operational interpretation of the quantum Kullback-Leibler distance (relative entropy), and this operational understanding of this quantity can be employed to give a new intuitive proof of the monotonicity of this statistical distance measure relying on information-theoretic methods.
Given any subset ℬ, containing the identity (1), of ℬ (ℋ) (the bounded operators on some Hilbert space ℋ), and given two states σ and ρ on ℬ(ℋ), a definition was given in [3] of entℬ (σℬ|ρ|ℬ) - ‘the entropy of σ relative to ρ given the information in ℬ’. It was shown that, for ℬ an injective von Neumann algebra, the resulting relative entropy agreed with those of Umegaki, Araki, Pusz and Woronowicz, and Uhlmann. The purpose of this paper is to explore this definition further. After some technical preliminaries in Section 2, in Section 3 a new characterization of entℬ(ℋ) (σ|ρ) for σ and ρ normal states will be given. In Section 4 it will be shown that under fairly general circumstances the relative entropy on algebras can be used for statistical inference. This is important for applications of the relative entropy. I shall given the briefest sketches of how I see these applications being made in the measurement problem in quantum theory and in a ‘many worlds’ interpretation. The vigilant reader will notice that the scheme proposed in Section 4 for modelling measurements subject to given compatibility requirements differs slightly from that proposed in the introduction to [3]. The reason for this is outlined in Section 5, where an explicit computation is made of the relative entropy for the simplest non-trivial case in which ℬ is not an algebra; when ℬ = {1, P, Q} for P and Q projections subject to certain conditions.