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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Ultra-Long Distance and Efficient Entanglement Distribution over 200 Kilometers

J. F. Dynes, Hiroki Takesue, Zhiliang L. Yuan, A. W. Sharpe, K. Harada, Toshimori Honjo, Hidehiko Kamada, Osamu Tadanaga, Y. Nishida, Masaki Asobe, Andrew J. Shields

Published Jan 1, 2009• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Entanglement distribution over 200 kilometers of optical fiber is demonstrated with practical, low-cost, InGaAs avalanche photodiodes. High coincidence count rates are also observed indicating entangled based quantum key distribution is feasible over ultra-long distances.
DOI
10.1364/iqec.2009.ipda7

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Here we report the first demonstration of entanglement distribution over a record distance of 200 km which is of sufficient fidelity to realize secure communication. In contrast to previous entanglement distribution schemes, we use detection elements based on practical avalanche photodiodes (APDs) operating in a self-differencing mode. These APDs are low-cost, compact and easy to operate requiring only electrical cooling to achieve high single photon detection efficiency. The self-differencing APDs in combination with a reliable parametric down-conversion source demonstrate that entanglement distribution over ultra-long distances has become both possible and practical. Consequently the outlook is extremely promising for real world entanglement-based communication between distantly separated parties.
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Distributing entanglement through standard telecommunication fiber is particularly important for quantum key distribution protocols with low vulnerability over metropolitan distances. However, entanglement distribution over long distance through optical fiber so far could only be accomplished with moderate photon pair rates. In this work, we present entanglement distribution over 50 km of standard telecommunication fiber with a pair rate of more than 10 000 ${\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ using a bright nondegenerate photon pair source. Signal and idler wavelengths of this source are optimized for low dispersion in optical fiber and high efficiency for single-photon avalanche diode detectors, respectively. The resulting modest hardware requirement and high rate of detected entangled photon pairs could significantly enhance practical entanglement-based quantum key distribution in existing metropolitan fiber networks.
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