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IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity

Optimization of the Phase-Locked Flux-Flow Oscillator for the submm Integrated Receiver

V. P. Koshelets, Pavel N. Dmitriev, An. B. Ermakov, Alexander S. Sobolev, Mikhail Yu. Torgashin, Vladislav V. Kurin, A. L. Pankratov, J. Mygind

Published Jun 1, 2005• 53 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The Superconducting Integrated Receiver (SIR) comprises in one chip a planar antenna integrated with an SIS mixer, a superconducting Flux Flow Oscillator (FFO) acting as Local Oscillator (LO) and a second SIS harmonic mixer (HM) for FFO phase locking. Free-running FFO linewidth well below 10 MHz is required to ensure phase-locked operation of an SIR. Comprehensive experimental study of the Nb-AlOx-Nb FFO linewidth and other main parameters has been carried out in order to achieve this goal. Essential dependence of the FFO linewidth on its width and idle region dimension has been found. It makes possible an optimization of the FFO design and selection of the best FFO parameters for practical operation of the SIR.

DOI
10.1109/tasc.2005.850140

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IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity•Jun 1, 2007•35 citations
The Superconducting Integrated Receiver (SIR) comprises in one chip a planar antenna integrated with an SIS mixer, a superconducting Flux Flow Oscillator (FFO) acting as Local Oscillator (LO) and a second SIS harmonic mixer (HM) for FFO phase locking. Free-running FFO linewidth well below 10 MHz is required to ensure phase-locked operation of an SIR. Comprehensive experimental study of the Nb-AlOx-Nb FFO linewidth and other main parameters has been carried out in order to achieve this goal. Essential dependence of the FFO linewidth on its width and idle region dimension has been found. It makes possible an optimization of the FFO design and selection of the best FFO parameters for practical operation of the SIR.
A Superconducting Integrated Receiver (SIR) comprises in a single chip a planar antenna combined with a superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) mixer, a superconducting Flux Flow Oscillator (FFO) acting as a Local Oscillator (LO) and a second SIS harmonic mixer (HM) for the FFO phase locking. In this report an overview of the FFO development and optimization is presented. In order to overcome temperature constraints and extend operation frequency of the fully Nb SIR we have developed and studied Nb-AlN-NbN circuits with a gap voltage Vg up to 3.7 mV and extremely low leak currents (Rj/Rn > 30). Continuous tuning of the frequency due to bending and overlapping of the Fiske steps and a possibility to phase lock the Nb-AlN-NbN FFO at any frequency in the range 350-750 GHz has been experimentally demonstrated. After optimization of the FFO design the free-running linewidth between 7 and 1.5 MHz has been measured in the frequency range 350 - 750 GHz, which allows to phase-lock from 50 to 95 % of the emitted FFO power. New designs of the FFO intended for further improvement of its parameters are under development, but even at the present state the Nb-AlN- NbN FFOs are mature enough for practical applications. These achievements enabled development of a 500 - 650 GHz integrated receiver for the Terahertz Limb Sounder (TELIS) project intended for atmosphere study and scheduled to fly on a balloon in 2008.
comprises in one chip a planar antenna integrated with a superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) mixer, a superconducting Flux Flow Oscillator (FFO) acting as Local Oscillator (LO) and a second SIS harmonic mixer (HM) for the FFO phase locking. A new generation of the SIR devices with improved FFO performance and optimized interface between FFO and SIS/HM has been developed and comprehensively tested. To overcome temperature constraints and extend operation frequency of the all-Nb SIR we have developed and studied Nb-AlN-NbN circuits with a gap voltage Vg up to 3.7 mV and extremely low leakage currents (Rj/Rn> 30). A possibility to phase lock the Nb-AlN-NbN FFO at any frequency in the frequency range 350-720 GHz has been experimentally demonstrated. Phase–locked SIR operation over frequency range 450 – 700 GHz has been realized, spectral resolution below
In this report an overview of the results on the devel- opment of a single-chip superconducting integrated receiver for the Terahertz Limb Sounder (TELIS) balloon project intended to measure a variety of stratosphere trace gases is presented. The Superconducting Integrated Receiver (SIR) comprises in one chip a planar antenna integrated with a superconductor-insulator-su- perconductor (SIS) mixer, a superconducting Flux Flow Oscillator (FFO) acting as Local Oscillator (LO) and a second SIS harmonic mixer (HM) for FFO phase locking. As a result of the FFO design optimization a free-running linewidth between 9 and 1.5 MHz has been measured in the frequency range 500-710 GHz resulting in phase-locking of 35 to 95% of the FFO power correspond- ingly. A new generation of the SIR devices with improved FFO performance and optimized interface between FFO and SIS/HM has been developed and comprehensively tested. As a result all required TELIS parameters were demonstrated. Phase-locked FFO operation over entire SIR channel frequency range has been realized, spectral resolution below 1 MHz has been confirmed by gas cell and CW signal measurements. An uncorrected double side band (DSB) noise temperature below 250 K has been measured with the phase-locked FFO. The intermediate frequency band- width 4-8 GHz has been realized. To ensure remote operation of the phase-locked SIR several procedures for its automatic computer control have been developed and tested.
A Josephson flux flow oscillator (FFO) is the most developed superconducting local oscillator for integration with an SIS mixer in a single-chip submm-wave receiver. Recently, using a new FFO design, a free-running linewidth /spl les/10 MHz has been measured in the frequency range up to 712 GHz, limited only by the gap frequency of Nb. This enabled us to phase lock the FFO in the frequency range 500-712 GHz where continuous frequency tuning is possible; resulting in an absolute FFO phase noise as low as -80 dBc at 707 GHz. Comprehensive measurements of the FFO radiation linewidth have been performed using an integrated SIS harmonic mixer. The influence of FFO parameters on radiation linewidth, particularly the effect of the differential resistances associated both with the bias current and the applied magnetic field has been studied in order to further optimize the FFO design. A new approach with a self-shielded FFO has been developed and experimentally tested.
We present results of a single-chip superconducting integrated receiver development for the Terahertz Limb Sounder (TELIS) balloon project. TELIS is a collaborative European project to build a three-channel heterodyne balloon-based spectrometer for measuring a variety of the stratosphere constituents. The Superconducting Integrated Receiver (SIR) comprises in one chip a planar antenna integrated with a superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) mixer, a superconducting Flux Flow Oscillator (FFO) acting as Local Oscillator (LO) and a second SIS harmonic mixer (HM) for FFO phase locking. An improved design of the FFO for TELIS has been developed and optimized. A free-running linewidth between 9 and 2 MHz has been measured in the frequency range 500 - 710 GHz. As a result the spectral ratio of the phased-locked FFO varies from 35 to 90 % correspondingly, ensuring that at least half of the phase-locked FFO power in the primary frequency range for TELIS (550-650 GHz). The FFO performance required for successful TELIS operation is discussed. New generation of the SIR for TELIS with improved FFO performance has been developed and preliminary tested. It is important to ensure that tuning of a phase-locked (PL) SIR can be performed remotely by telecommand. For this purpose a number of approaches for the PL SIR automatic computer control have been developed. Preliminary measurements give an uncorrected double side band (DSB) noise temperature of about 200 K measured at 2.1 K with the FFO phase-locked at 660 GHz. The effect of FFO linewidth imperfections on retrieval procedure is discussed.
In this report an overview of the results on the development of a single-chip superconducting integrated receiver for the Terahertz Limb Sounder (TELIS) balloon project intended to measure a variety of stratosphere trace gases is presented. The Superconducting Integrated Receiver (SIR) comprises in one chip a planar antenna integrated with a superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) mixer, a superconducting Flux Flow Oscillator (FFO) acting as local oscillator (LO) and a second SIS harmonic mixer (HM) for FFO phase locking. As a result of the FFO design optimization a free-running linewidth between 9 and 1.5 MHz has been measured in the frequency range 500-710 GHz resulting in phase-locking of 35 to 95% of the FFO power correspondingly. A new generation of the SIR devices with improved FFO performance and optimized interface between FFO and SIS/HM has been developed and comprehensively tested. As a result all required TELIS parameters were demonstrated. Phase-locked FFO operation over entire SIR channel frequency range has been realized, spectral resolution below 1 MHz has been confirmed by gas cell and CW signal measurements. An uncorrected double side band (DSB) noise temperature below 250 K has been measured with the phase-locked FFO. The intermediate frequency bandwidth 4-8 GHz has been realized. To ensure remote operation of the phase-locked SIR several procedures for its automatic computer control have been developed and tested.