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Hybrid entanglement photon pair source for fiber- space flexible QKD network For portable system of unconditonal secure communication

Mikio Fujiwara, Morio Toyoshima, K. Yoshino, Yoshihiro Nambu

Published Jan 1, 2011• 0 citations
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Hybrid entanglement photon pair source for fiber-space flexible QKD network

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Today, perhaps more than ever before, the security of information and communication is increasingly important. The cryptographic protocols used in classical cryptography are based on mathematical algorithms and can be breached. On the other hand, the laws of quantum physics enable quantum key distribution (QKD) and it is possible to achieve absolute security of communication based on the fundamental laws of nature. Anyone who would eavesdrop QKD-based communication must perform a measurement, which implies an impact on the system that can be detected by the sender and receiver. In this paper, we present a brief overview of QKD implementations and our experimental setup for generation of quantum key. Using this setup, we measured violation of the Bell's inequality of 114 standard deviations from the classical boundary, which confirms the non-local behavior of the entangled photon pairs. One can also use this source to create hybrid connections in combination with both optical fibers and free space.
Quantum networking enables the distribution of quantum information across distant nodes, unlocking capabilities such as secure communication, distributed quantum computing, enhanced metrology, and tests of fundamental physics. Photons serve as the natural carriers of quantum information over long distances due to their low loss in optical fibers and robustness to environmental decoherence. However, the practical realization of quantum networks remains limited by the lack of photon sources that are simultaneously compatible with diverse quantum systems, stable over long timescales, and suitable for deployment in real-world fiber infrastructure. This dissertation addresses these challenges through the co-development of photon-pair sources and a field-deployed quantum networking testbed. We present two complementary chip-scale sources of correlated photon pairs tailored for distinct bottlenecks in quantum networking. The first is a hybrid visible–telecom photon-pair source designed to address a fundamental spectral mismatch between quantum nodes and communication channels. While most quantum memories and processors operate at visible to near- nfrared wavelengths, optical fibers exhibit minimal loss in the telecommunications band. By integrating periodically poled nonlinear waveguides with photonic integrated circuits, we demonstrate a platform capable of directly generating visible–telecom photon pairs, enabling efficient interfacing between heterogeneous quantum systems and existing fiber networks. The second source is a fully packaged, broadband telecom photon-pair source based on silicon waveguide spirals, designed for stable, long-duration operation. This stability enables extended measurements necessary to overcome channel losses and environmental drifts in deployed fiber networks. These sources are evaluated within RoQNET (Rochester Quantum Network), a ∼20 km fiber link between the Rochester Institute of Technology and the University of Rochester. Using this platform, we demonstrate the transmission and on-chip modulation of heralded telecom single photons, verify their nonclassical statistics, and characterize long-term channel behavior. Additionally, we explore programmable time-bin entanglement distribution using spectral waveshapers, providing a flexible approach to quantum communication. Together, this work establishes a co-designed source–network framework for scalable, heterogeneous quantum networking.