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IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity

Frequency dependence of the emission from 2D array Josephson oscillators

P.A.A. Booi, Samuel P. Benz, T. Doderer, D. Hoffmann, J. Schmidt, S. G. Lachenmann, Rudolf Peter Huebener

Published Mar 1, 1993• 16 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Coherent emission from 2-D arrays of Josephson junctions, coupled to a detector junction through a DC blocking stripline capacitor, was detected over a frequency range from 50 to 210 GHz. A power of 0.26 mu W, which is larger than the 0.1 mu W expected from the resistively shunted-junction model, was detected in a range from 140 to 150 GHz. Frequencies where no emission was detected correspond to standing waves in the capacitor when multiples of the half-wavelength match the capacitor length. Low-temperature scanning electron microscopy confirmed the presence of standing waves at these frequencies, but also revealed standing waves at other frequencies, indicating an impedance mismatch and a possible extension of the standing waves into the array.>

DOI
10.1109/77.233962

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Coherent emission from 2-D arrays of Josephson junctions, coupled to a detector junction through a DC blocking stripline capacitor, was detected over a frequency range from 50 to 210 GHz. A power of 0.26 mu W, which is larger than the 0.1 mu W expected from the resistively shunted-junction model, was detected in a range from 140 to 150 GHz. Frequencies where no emission was detected correspond to standing waves in the capacitor when multiples of the half-wavelength match the capacitor length. Low-temperature scanning electron microscopy confirmed the presence of standing waves at these frequencies, but also revealed standing waves at other frequencies, indicating an impedance mismatch and a possible extension of the standing waves into the array.>
The authors have detected coherent emission from two-dimensional (2D) arrays of superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) Josephson junctions. 2D arrays emit coherent radiation over a frequency range of 60 to 210 GHz, when coupled to detector junctions through DC-blocking capacitors. The detector junctions exhibit Shapiro steps at frequencies corresponding to the voltage across single-array junctions. The maximum power from a 10-by-10 junction-array coupled to a detector junction occurs at 150 GHz and is estimated to be 0.4 mu W, based on simulations of the detector circuit. By varying the number of array junctions, the array geometry, the junction critical current, and the coupling circuit, they have begun determining the essential conditions for observing coherent emission.
We present experimental results on the emission from phase-locked twodimensional arrays of Josephson junctions. We have coupled the emission from 10 x 10 arrays to a room-temperature mixer throu h a tin-line antenna and WR-12 waveguide. A single voltagetunable peak was detected up to 230 GHz. A stripline resonance in the antenna reduced the array's dynamic resistance and thereby the emission linewidth to as low as 10 kHz. We extract an effective noise temperature of 14 K from the linewidth data. When the array's emission was coupled to an on-chip detector junction through a dc blocking capacitor, we detected voltagetunable emission from 75 GHz up to 300 GHz, and in some circuits emission above 400 GHz. The coherent power spectrum depends primarily on internal resonances.
Coherent emission has been generated by two-dimensional arrays of SIS Josephson junctions and detected in a junction coupled to the array through a dc-blocking capacitor. The detector junction exhibits Shapiro steps at frequencies corresponding to the voltage across single array junctions and ranging from 60 to 210 GHz. The maximum power coupled to the detector junction occurs at 150 GHz and is estimated to be 0.9 μW, based on simulations of the detector circuit. Possible mechanisms for coherent emission from two-dimensional arrays are discussed.
We present experimental results on the emission from phase-locked two-dimensional arrays of Josephson junctions. We have coupled the emission from 10/spl times/10 arrays to a room-temperature mixer through a fin-line antenna and WR-12 waveguide. A single voltage-tunable peak was detected up to 230 GHz. A stripline resonance in antenna reduced the array's dynamic resistance and thereby the emission linewidth to as low as 10 kHz. We extract an effective noise temperature of 14 K from the linewidth data. When the array's emission was coupled to an on-chip detector junction through a dc blocking capacitor, we detected voltage-tunable emission from 75 GHz up to 300 GHz, and in some circuits emission above 400 GHz. Here, the coherent power spectrum depends on internal resonances.>
We have investigated experimentally a novel type of self-synchronizing two-dimensional Josephson junction array based on special symmetry breaking network architectures. The measurements confirm the theoretical prediction that in such "selector Josephson networks" the Josephson oscillators mutually synchronize into a coherent in-phase state and that such arrays are capable of emitting maximum coherent microwave power in the entire theoretically expected frequency range. The DC biased oscillator array operates coherently even without a reinjection of the generated microwave by an external load or by a resonator cavity. The selector network possesses a much higher tolerance against imperfections, perturbations and load parameter variations than conventional regular two-dimensional or one-dimensional arrays. The experimental sample has been fabricated in an industrial process using Nb-technology, in effect providing relatively large spreads in the array junction parameters. The measured frequency range goes from 85 GHz up to 380 GHz with a maximum microwave power of 0.16 /spl mu/W matched to a coupled load for an array with only 100 active Nb-AlO/sub x/-Nb junctions.