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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Lasers without inversion: one-photon stimulated emission in a three-level atom

Constantine Mavroyannis

Published Dec 1, 1993• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

I consider light amplification arising from the competition between absorption and stimulated emission of an excitation, which is induced by a laser field at low intensities interacting with a three-level atom. The lifetime of the induced excitation is 105–106 times longer than those of spontaneously emitted excitations. Conditions are established under which the stimulated emission prevails over the induced absorption, and the net negative intensity is 102–103 times greater than those of spontaneously emitted excitations, indicating that significant amplification occurs near the frequency of the laser field. PACS numbers: 32.80-t, 42.50.-p, 42.50H2

DOI
10.1364/josab.10.002406

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I consider light amplification arising from the competition between absorption and stimulated emission of an excitation, which is induced by a laser field at low intensities interacting with a three-level atom. The lifetime of the induced excitation is 105–106 times longer than those of spontaneously emitted excitations. Conditions are established under which the stimulated emission prevails over the induced absorption, and the net negative intensity is 102–103 times greater than those of spontaneously emitted excitations, indicating that significant amplification occurs near the frequency of the laser field. PACS numbers: 32.80-t, 42.50.-p, 42.50H2
We have calculated the excitation spectra of a single electron in the excited state of a three-level atom interacting with two off-resonant laser fields at high intensities. We have also considered the process where one laser photon is absorbed by the ground state, as well as a Raman-type process where one photon of one of the laser fields is emitted while another photon of the other laser field is absorbed simultaneously by the second excited state of the atom. The net excitation spectra of the three processes in question consist of two peaks having always positive intensities indicating induced absorption (attenuation) and a third peak which has positive, zero and negative intensities for values of the Rabi frequencies , and , respectively. When , the Raman-type process prevails over the other two, and the resulting peak has a negative intensity indicating that significant amplification is likely to occur at the corresponding frequency.
We have considered the induced processes that occur in a driven two-level atom, where a laser photon is absorbed and emitted by the ground and by the excited states of the atom, respectively. In the low-intensity limit of the laser field, the induced spectra arising when a laser photon is absorbed by the ground state of the atom consist of two peaks describing induced-absorption and stimulated-emission processes, respectively, where the former prevails over the latter. Asymmetry of the spectral lines occurs at off-resonance and its extent depends on the detuning of the laser field. The physical, process where a laser photon is emitted by the excited state is the reverse of that arising from the absorption of a laser photon by the ground state of the atom. The former differs from the latter in that the emission of a laser photon by the excited state occurs in the low-frequency regime and that the stimulated-emission process prevails over that of the induced absorption. In this case, amplification of ultrashort pulses is likely to occur without the need of population inversion between the optical transitions. The computed spectra are graphically presented and discussed.
The author considers the stimulated emission process that occurs at the difference-frequency generation of a bichromatic field interacting with a three-level atom in the Lambda configuration. In the low-intensity limit of both laser fields and at finite detunings, there are two induced excitations whose lifetimes are much longer in comparison to those of excitations spontaneously emitted by the excited states of the atom. Conditions are established under which the two-photon stimulated emission prevails, indicating that significant amplification is likely to occur at the difference-frequency generation.
Studies the competition between absorption and stimulated emission induced by two laser fields at low intensities interacting on a two-photon resonance with a three-level atom. The induced spectrum into the ground state consists of a peak whose height and asymmetry depend strongly on the detuning. The spectra arising from the emission of a laser photon by the excited state consists of two peaks describing stimulated emission and induced absorption, respectively, where the former dominates the latter for small values of the Rabi frequencies but for higher ones, they cancel each other out.
We have calculated the excitation spectra of a single electron in the excited state of a four-level atom interacting with three laser fields at low intensities, where two of them are on two-photon resonance with the three levels of the atom, while the third laser is a weak one operating between the fourth and excited level of the atom. It is shown that light is switched off at certain frequency due to the coherent population trapping while light is turned on at another frequency, where stimulated emission occurs leading to light amplification without population inversion.