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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Peculiarities of matter excitation by ultra-short electromagnetic pulses

Valery Alexandrovich Astapenko

Published Dec 6, 2012• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The paper is devoted to theoretical analysis of matter excitation by ultra-short electromagnetic pulses (USP) with controllable shape in the frame of perturbation approach. We calculate the dependence of the total probability of photo-absorption of USP by an atom upon the pulse duration. It is shown that investigated probability has characteristic features which depend upon phase parameters of USP.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/397/1/012002

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The paper is devoted to theoretical analysis of matter excitation by ultra-short electromagnetic pulses (USP) with controllable shape in the frame of perturbation approach. We calculate the dependence of the total probability of photo-absorption of USP by an atom upon the pulse duration. It is shown that investigated probability has characteristic features which depend upon phase parameters of USP.
The development of methods of generation of ultrashort pulses (USP) of femto- and attosecond duration ranges with controlled parameters necessitates the theoretical study of features of their interaction with a matter. Among such features that do not exist in case of “long” pulses should first of all be the nonlinear dependence of the photoprocess probability W on the USP duration as well as the dependence on the carrier phase with respect to the pulse envelope. It should be noted that if the dependence of the probability W on the phase manifests itself either only for very short pulses, when ωt 1 too for fields of moderate strength, when the perturbation theory is applicable. The present work is dedicated to the theoretical analysis of two-photon excitation of hydrogen atom in a discrete energy spectrum by ultrashort electromagnetic pulses of femto- and subfemtosecond ranges of durations. As examples, excitation of hydrogen atom from the ground state to excited states with a zero orbital moment is considered.
The development of methods of generation of ultrashort pulses (USP) of femto- and attosecond duration ranges with controlled parameters necessitates the theoretical study of features of their interaction with a matter [1]. Among such features that do not exist in case of “long” pulses should first of all be the nonlinear dependence of the photoprocess probability W on the USP duration (τ) [2] as well as the dependence on the carrier phase with respect to the pulse envelope (φ) [3-4]. It should be noted that if the dependence of the probability W on the phase φ manifests itself either only for very short pulses, when ωτ < 1 (ω is carrier frequency of the pulse), or in case of a nonlinear photoprocess [3], the function W(τ) can differ from a linear function in the limit ωτ> 1 too for fields of moderate strength, when the perturbation theory is applicable [2].
The paper is devoted to the theoretical investigation of two-photon excitation of atom in a discrete energy spectrum by ultrashort electromagnetic pulses of femto- and subfemtosecond ranges of durations. An analytical expression for the total probability of the process is derived. Numerical simulations are made for hydrogen and sodium atoms. It is shown that the total probability of the process is nonlinear function of pulse duration and character of this function depends strongly on the frequency detuning of pulse carrier frequency from two-photon resonance.
The paper is devoted to the investigation of the absorption of ultrashort laser pulses on atoms in plasmas, accounting for the different broadening mechanisms of atomic resonant transitions. The analysis is made in terms of the absorption probability during the entire interaction between the laser pulse and atom. Attention is mainly given to dependence of probability upon the pulse duration and the carrier frequency of the pulse. The results are presented via dimensionless parameters and functions describing the effect of finite pulse duration on atomic spectra for different broadening mechanisms, namely Doppler, Voigt, Holtsmark and their combinations, as well as the Stark line broadening of Rydberg atomic lines.