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Femtosecond waveform transfer from 800 nm to 400 nm wavelength by type II second harmonic generation

Haiyan Wang, Andrew M. Weiner

Published May 16, 2004• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We demonstrate for the first time a pulse shape frequency transfer scheme using type II second harmonic generation (SHG). Our technique allows general control of both the intensity and phase profiles of the output waveform.

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The resurgence of interest in cascaded second order nonlinearities[1,2] has resulted in several schemes for applying cascading in second-harmonic generating (SHG) crystals to optical transistor-like devices [3-7], Such devices allow a weak signal beam to impose a large amplitude modulation on a strong “pump” beam, through mixing in a χ(2) crystal. However, all of the devices reported to date require the pump and signal beams to be temporally coherent, as the process is strongly dependent on the phase between these two beams. There have been some suggestions[6,7] that type II phasematched SHG may remove phase sensitivity, but the devices proposed still require that the signal must be in phase with approximately half of the pump intensity. In this letter, we describe how one may properly exploit type II phase matching to produce a truly phase-insensitive all-optical transistor (AOT) based on second order nonlinearities.

Nonlinear Optics•Jan 1, 1996•1 citation
The second harmonic generation (SHG) process is investigated theoretically using the quantum mechanics method of coherent control. Based on the extremum conditions for the SHG intensity at the center frequency, a Fresnel-inspired binary phase shaping scheme is proposed for tailoring the fundamental pulse. The SHG spectrum can be compressed into a narrowband signal with lower background by modulating the relative phases between the frequency components within the fundamental pulse, inducing constructive interference at the center frequency and destructive interference elsewhere. Multipeak second harmonic signals can also be obtained by properly modulating various interference pathways. These results have potential applications in high resolution nonlinear spectroscopy, microscopy, and information coding.
Mixing light waves of different frequencies is a routine technique for synthesizing waveforms of arbitrary shape and spectral composition. For applications in coherent quantum control, ultrafast optical pulses over a range of wavelengths may be required. Shelton et al. (p. 1286; see the Perspective by Brown et al. ), building on recent advances involving phase-locking of femtosecond optical pulses, generation of a comb of optical frequencies, and precision measurement of optical frequencies, now show that two waveforms can be coherently stitched together from separate femtosecond lasers to form a coherent pulse train.
We introduce a new scheme for generating short-wavelength coherent broadband radiation with well-controlled spectral characteristics. It is based on shaping long-wavelength femtosecond pulse to coherently control atomic resonance-mediated (2+1) three-photon excitation to a broad far-from-resonance continuum. Here, the spectrum (central frequency and bandwidth) of deep-ultraviolet coherent broadband radiation generated in Na vapor is experimentally controlled by tuning the linear chirp we apply to the driving phase-shaped near-infrared femtosecond pulse. This is a first step in implementing the full scheme for producing shaped femtosecond pulses at wavelengths down-to the vacuum-ultraviolet range.
It is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated that optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) is possible to be observed in atomic media irradiated with an intense laser pulse. The SHG is induced by a static electric field spontaneously generated in the interaction, and any special condition is not required for the SHG. The experiment to observe the SHG has been made using atomic sodium vapor and a mode-locked Nd-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser system (pulse duration, 28 psec; output energy \ensuremath{\lesssim}50 mJ). The second harmonic (SH) polarization, spatial beam pattern, and dependences of SH signal on the sodium density and on the fundamental intensity have been examined. The experimental results agree well with the theoretical predictions and numerical results.
The resurgence of interest in cascaded second order nonlinearities[1,2] has resulted in several schemes for applying cascading in second-harmonic generating (SHG) crystals to optical transistor-like devices [3-7], Such devices allow a weak signal beam to impose a large amplitude modulation on a strong “pump” beam, through mixing in a χ(2) crystal. However, all of the devices reported to date require the pump and signal beams to be temporally coherent, as the process is strongly dependent on the phase between these two beams. There have been some suggestions[6,7] that type II phasematched SHG may remove phase sensitivity, but the devices proposed still require that the signal must be in phase with approximately half of the pump intensity. In this letter, we describe how one may properly exploit type II phase matching to produce a truly phase-insensitive all-optical transistor (AOT) based on second order nonlinearities.