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Asia Communications and Photonics Conference

Enhancement of atom-guiding efficiency in hollow optical fibers

Kyu‐Tae Lee, Chang-Min Kim

Published Jan 1, 2009• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The field analysis was carried out using the finite element method (FEM) for a step-index HOF and a graded-index HOF. Examining simulation results concerning the optical field’s gradient and the repulsive forces on atoms at the interface of hollow/core, we figured out that the repulsive force in graded-index HOF was almost three times as strong as that in step-index HOF, and acknowledged the possibility of more effective atom guiding in GRIN HOF.

DOI
10.1364/acp.2009.tha3

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The field analysis was carried out using the finite element method (FEM) for a step-index HOF and a graded-index HOF. Examining simulation results concerning the optical field’s gradient and the repulsive forces on atoms at the interface of hollow/core, we figured out that the repulsive force in graded-index HOF was almost three times as strong as that in step-index HOF, and acknowledged the possibility of more effective atom guiding in GRIN HOF.
Modified Airy 함수를 이용하여 언덕형 굴절률 분포를 갖는 HOF를 해석하였으며, 정교한 결과를 갖는 고유 방정식을 도출하였다. 언덕형 HOF의 경우 기존의 계단형 HOF에 비하여 중공 영역 내 감쇠 전계의 기울기를 임의로 가파르게 조절할 수 있음을 보였다. Arbitrary graded-index HOF(Hollow Optical Fibers) are analyzed using the modified Airy function, and the corresponding eigenvalue equation that renders precise results is derived. For graded index HOF, the gradient of an evanescent field in hollow region could be adjusted more sharply than the conventional step-index HOF and the feasibility of more effective atom-guiding is confirmed.
We present a general theory of atom guiding in a blue-detuned hollow laser beam. Using the dressed-atom approach, we obtain the mean dipole gradient force, the radiation pressure force, and the momentum diffusion coefficients for three-level Λ-type cold atoms. Using Monte Carlo simulation, we calculate the guiding efficiencies and the final velocity distributions of atoms for various conditions. We find that the guiding efficiency depends not only on the intensity and detuning of the guiding hollow beam but also on the atom-guiding direction with respect to the propagation direction of the hollow laser beam. Comparing our analyses with recent experimental results, we find that they are mutually consistent. The results that we present can also be applied to atom guiding by hollow optical fibers.
We have used optical forces to guide atoms through hollow-core optical fibers. Laser light is launched into the hollow region of a glass capillary fiber and guided by grazing-incidence reflection from the walls. When the laser is detuned 1--30 GHz red of the Rb D2 resonance lines, dipole forces attract atoms to the high-intensity region along the axis and guide them through the fiber. We show that atoms may be guided around bends in the fiber and that in initial experiments the atoms experience up to 18 reflections from the potential walls with minimal loss.
We use evanescent laser light to guide atoms through hollow-core optical fibers. The light, detuned to the blue side of rubidium's D2{D}_{2}D2​ resonance lines, is launched into the glass region of a hollow capillary fiber and guided through the fiber by total internal reflection from the glass walls. Atoms interacting with the evanescent component of the field are repelled from the wall and guided through the fiber hollow. A second laser tuned to the red side of resonance is used to initially inject the atoms into the evanescent guide. An optical intensity threshold for guiding is observed as the evanescent-field-induced dipole forces exceed the van der Waals forces.
Recent theoretical and experimental demonstrations have shown that blue-detuned laser light, propagating in the annular core-cladding region of a hollow-glass fiber, produces a repulsive, evanescent light-wave potential in the hollow, that can be used to guide near-resonant atoms down the fiber. In this work, I show that slight modifications to the hollow-fiber geometry can be used to turn this atom guide into an atom-bottle trap. The trap can be open and shut by varying the aperture angle at which light couples into the fiber, allowing the atoms to be easily loaded. This trap has an advantage over other optical atom traps in that the atoms move coherently in a field-free region with only brief specular reflections at the step-like potential walls.