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physica status solidi (b)

Selection rule and entanglement in energy transfer between doubly concentrically arranged nanostructures

Hisaki Oka

Published Sep 23, 2015• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Abstractauthoren We theoretically investigate the energy transfer between concentrically arranged nanostructures by using a quantum‐entanglement measure. The model system is formed in double concentric circles of interacting two‐level systems, where the outer circle is the donor and the inner circle is the acceptor. We show that a rapid energy transfer can be achieved by utilizing a strongly entangled donor–acceptor state. First, we clarify that a selection rule exists in the energy‐transfer process; the energy transfer from the donor to the acceptor occurs only between the energy eigenstates having the same rotational symmetry. Next, in terms of the analysis of the degree of quantum entanglement, we clarify that the quantum entanglement is strongly formed between the donor and acceptor with higher rotational symmetry and the energy transfer process dominates in the donor–acceptor entangled state. Finally, we show that a rapid energy transfer can occur by efficiently exciting the entangled state with the help of thermal fluctuation at room temperature. From the aspect of device applications, this mechanism has the advantage over the conventional energy‐transfer process in natural photosynthetic systems because no spatial disorder and fluctuation are required. Application to photonic devices using the nanomaterial is also discussed.

DOI
10.1002/pssb.201552183

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Abstract Abstractauthoren We theoretically investigate the energy transfer between concentrically arranged nanostructures by using a quantum‐entanglement measure. The model system is formed in double concentric circles of interacting two‐level systems, where the outer circle is the donor and the inner circle is the acceptor. We show that a rapid energy transfer can be achieved by utilizing a strongly entangled donor–acceptor state. First, we clarify that a selection rule exists in the energy‐transfer process; the energy transfer from the donor to the acceptor occurs only between the energy eigenstates having the same rotational symmetry. Next, in terms of the analysis of the degree of quantum entanglement, we clarify that the quantum entanglement is strongly formed between the donor and acceptor with higher rotational symmetry and the energy transfer process dominates in the donor–acceptor entangled state. Finally, we show that a rapid energy transfer can occur by efficiently exciting the entangled state with the help of thermal fluctuation at room temperature. From the aspect of device applications, this mechanism has the advantage over the conventional energy‐transfer process in natural photosynthetic systems because no spatial disorder and fluctuation are required. Application to photonic devices using the nanomaterial is also discussed.
In a molecular system of energy donors and acceptors, resonance energy transfer is the primary mechanism by means of which electronic energy is redistributed between molecules, following the excitation of a donor. Given a suitable geometric configuration it is possible to completely inhibit this energy transfer in such a way that it can only be activated by application of an off-resonant laser beam: this is the principle of optically controlled resonance energy transfer, the basis for an all-optical switch. This paper begins with an investigation of optically controlled energy transfer between a single donor and acceptor molecule, identifying the symmetry and structural constraints and analyzing in detail the dependence on molecular energy level positioning. Spatially correlated donor and acceptor arrays with linear, square, and hexagonally structured arrangements are then assessed as potential configurations for all-optical switching. Built on quantum electrodynamical principles the concept of transfer fidelity, a parameter quantifying the efficiency of energy transportation, is introduced and defined. Results are explored by employing numerical simulations and graphical analysis. Finally, a discussion focuses on the advantages of such energy transfer based processes over all-optical switching of other proposed forms.
The occurrence of coherence phenomenon as a result of the interference of the probability amplitude terms is among the principle features of quantum mechanics concepts. Current experiments display the presence of quantum techniques whose coherence is supplied over large interval times. Specifically, photosynthetic mechanisms in light-harvesting complexes furnish oscillatory behaviors owing to quantum coherence. In this manuscript, we study the coherent quantum energy transfer for a single-excitation and nonlocal correlation in a dimer system (donor+acceptor) displayed by two-level systems (TLSs), interacting with a cavity field with a time-dependent coupling effect considering the realistic situation of coupling between each TLS and the cavity field. We analyze and explore the specific conditions which are viable with real experimental realization for the ultimate transfer of quantum energy and nonlocal quantum correlation. We show that the enhancement of the probability for a single-excitation energy transfer greatly benefits from the energy detuning, photon-number transition, classicality of the field, and the time-dependent coupling effect. We also find that the entanglement between the donor and acceptor is very sensitive to the physical parameters and it can be generated during the coherent energy transfer.
The rate of energy transfer in donor-acceptor systems can be manipulated via the common interaction with the confined electromagnetic modes of a micro-cavity. We analyze the competition between the near-field short range dipole-dipole energy exchange processes and the cavity mediated long-range interactions in a simplified model consisting of effective two-level quantum emitters that could be relevant for molecules in experiments under cryogenic conditions. We find that free-space collective incoherent interactions, typically associated with sub- and superradiance, can modify the traditional resonant energy transfer scaling with distance. The same holds true for cavity-mediated collective incoherent interactions in a weak-coupling but strong-cooperativity regime. In the strong coupling regime, we elucidate the effect of pumping into cavity polaritons and analytically identify an optimal energy flow regime characterized by equal donor/acceptor Hopfield coefficients in the middle polariton. Finally we quantify the build-up of quantum correlations in the donor-acceptor system via the two-qubit concurrence as a measure of entanglement.
The rate of energy transfer in donor-acceptor systems can be manipulated via the common interaction with the confined electromagnetic modes of a micro-cavity. We analyze the competition between the near-field short range dipole-dipole energy exchange processes and the cavity mediated long-range interactions in a simplified model consisting of effective two-level quantum emitters that could be relevant for molecules in experiments under cryogenic conditions. We find that free-space collective incoherent interactions, typically associated with sub-and superradiance, can modify the traditional resonant energy transfer scaling with distance. The same holds true for cavity-mediated collective incoherent interactions in a weak-coupling but strong-cooperativity regime. In the strong coupling regime, we elucidate the effect of pumping into cavity polaritons and analytically identify an optimal energy flow regime characterized by equal donor/acceptor Hopfield coefficients in the middle polariton. Finally we quantify the build-up of quantum correlations in the donor-acceptor system via the two-qubit concurrence as a measure of entanglement.
We study coherent energy transfer of a single excitation and quantum entanglement in a dimer, which consists of a donor and an acceptor modeled by two two-level systems. Between the donor and the acceptor, there exists a dipole-dipole interaction, which provides the physical mechanism for coherent energy transfer and entanglement generation. The donor and the acceptor couple to two independent heat baths with diagonal couplings that do not dissipate the energy of the noncoupling dimer. Special attention is paid to the effect on single-excitation energy transfer and entanglement generation of the energy detuning between the donor and the acceptor and the temperatures of the two heat baths. It is found that, the probability for single-excitation energy transfer largely depends on the energy detuning in the low temperature limit. Concretely, the positive and negative energy detunings can increase and decrease the probability at steady state, respectively. In the high temperature limit, however, the effect of the energy detuning on the probability is negligibly small. We also find that the probability is negligibly dependent on the bath temperature difference of the two heat baths. In addition, it is found that quantum entanglement can be generated in the process of coherent energy transfer. As the bath temperature increases, the generated steady-state entanglement decreases. For a given bath temperature, the steady-state entanglement decreases with the increase of the absolute value of the energy detuning.
We analytically derive transfer probabilities and efficiencies for an artificial light-harvesting photosynthetic system, which consists of a ring coupled to a central acceptor. For an incident photon pair, we find near-perfect single excitation transfer efficiency with negligible double excitation transfer in the weak-coupling regime. In the strong-coupling regime, single excitation transfer efficiency was greater than 9090%90, while the double excitation efficiency was approximately 5050%50. We have found that the three main factors which determine high transfer efficiencies are large acceptor probabilities, long acceptor decay times, and strong photon-ring coupling. A possible implementation of the theoretical framework to bio-inspired solar energy devices is also discussed.