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Propagation of the relativistic charged particle in an ultracold atomic gas with Bose-Einstein condensates

Yu. V. Slyusarenko, Andrii Sotnikov

Published Nov 23, 2010• 0 citations
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Abstract

We study theoretically some effects caused by a propagation of the charged particle in a dilute gas of alkali-metal atoms in the state with Bose-Einstein condensates. The energy change of the high-speed (relativistic) particle based on the Cherenkov effect in this system is investigated. We note that the particle in some cases not only emits the energy but also can be accelerated by the ultracold atomic gas. The necessary conditions for the acceleration of the particle by the condensate are found. We study also a possibility of defining the spectral characteristics of atoms by the detection of the Cherenkov radiation in the condensate.

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We study theoretically some effects caused by a propagation of the charged particle in a dilute gas of alkali-metal atoms in the state with Bose-Einstein condensates. The energy change of the high-speed (relativistic) particle based on the Cherenkov effect in this system is investigated. We note that the particle in some cases not only emits the energy but also can be accelerated by the ultracold atomic gas. The necessary conditions for the acceleration of the particle by the condensate are found. We study also a possibility of defining the spectral characteristics of atoms by the detection of the Cherenkov radiation in the condensate.
We study theoretically some effects produced by a propagation of the charged particles in dilute gases of alkali-metal atoms in the state with Bose-Einstein condensates. The energy change of the high-speed (relativistic) particle that corresponds to the Cherenkov effect in the condensate is investigated. We show that in the studied cases the particle can both lose and receive the energy from a gas. We find the necessary conditions for the particle acceleration in the multicomponent condensate. It is shown that the Cherenkov effect in Bose-Einstein condensates can be used also for defining the spectral characteristics of atoms.
We study the temperature dependence of optical properties of dilute gases of alkali-metal atoms in the state with Bose-Einstein condensates. The description is constructed in the framework of the microscopic approach that is based on the Green's-functions formalism. We find the expressions for the scalar Green's functions describing a linear response of a condensed gas to a weak external electromagnetic field (laser). It is shown that these functions depend on the temperature, other physical properties of a system, and on the frequency detuning of a laser. We compare the relative contributions of the condensate and noncondensate particles in the system response. The influence of the temperature effects is studied by the example of two- and three-level systems. We show that in these cases, which are most commonly realized in the present experiments, the group velocity and the absorption rate of pulses practically do not depend on the gas temperature in the region from the absolute zero to the critical temperature. We discuss also the cases when the temperature effects can play a significant role in the phenomenon of slowing of electromagnetic pulses in a gas of alkali-metal atoms with Bose-Einstein condensates.
We represent a new microscopic approach that allows studying the propagation properties of microwaves in a Bose-Einstein condensate of alkali atoms. It is assumed that the frequency of signal is tuned up to the transition between hyperfine ground state levels of such atoms. Pulse slowing conditions dependence on the system parameters is found. It is shown that the slowed signal can propagate in mentioned system with rather small energy loss. Such phenomenon is also studied in case of hyperfine levels Zeeman splitting. A possibility of ultra-slow microwaves observing in a condensed gas of cesium atoms is discussed.
We study theoretically the linear response of a gas in the state with Bose-Einstein condensate to the perturbation by an external electromagnetic field (weak laser pulse). The Green’s functions formalism is used to study the dispersion characteristics of a system at finite temperatures. It is shown that the group velocity of the near-resonant pulses in condensate in some cases can strongly depend on the temperature. Basing on the account of the Zeeman splitting of the magnetic states we study also a possibility to filter light pulses by the condensate with several occupied quantum states.
We develop a simple yet powerful technique to study Bogoliubov-Cherenkov radiation by producing a pulsed atom laser from a strongly confined Bose-Einstein condensate. Such radiation results when the atom laser pulse falls past a Bose-Einstein condensate at high-hypersonic speeds, modifying the spatial profile to display a characteristic twin jet structure and a complicated interference pattern. The experimental observations are in excellent agreement with mean-field numerical simulations and an analytic theory. Due to the highly hypersonic regime reached in our experiment, this system offers a highly controllable platform for future studies of condensed-matter analogs of quantum electrodynamics at ultrarelativistic speeds.