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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Study of transient dynamics in Cr:LiSrGaF_6 system with intrinsic optical bistability

Martina Vondrova, B. D. Lucas, Mikhail A. Noginov

Published Jun 1, 2003• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The transient dynamics and the kinetics of switching between two stable states in Cr:LiSrGaF6 laser crystal, a material with thermally induced intrinsic optical bistability, have been studied. It has been shown that the characteristic switching time τswitch can be shorter than that determined by the heat transfer in a linear regime. In the quasi-steady-state regime, the rate of switching (τswitch-1) in the system studied is proportional to the square root of the area of the steady-state hysteresis loop. The switching time τswitch can be controlled by changing system parameters, such as the temperature of the heat sink, the heat sinking efficiency, the rate of the pumping power increase, etc. When the pumping power is continuously changed at the rate R, the increment in the switching rate Δτswitch-1 is proportional to R2/3.

DOI
10.1364/josab.20.001295

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The transient dynamics and the kinetics of switching between two stable states in Cr:LiSrGaF6 laser crystal, a material with thermally induced intrinsic optical bistability, have been studied. It has been shown that the characteristic switching time τswitch can be shorter than that determined by the heat transfer in a linear regime. In the quasi-steady-state regime, the rate of switching (τswitch-1) in the system studied is proportional to the square root of the area of the steady-state hysteresis loop. The switching time τswitch can be controlled by changing system parameters, such as the temperature of the heat sink, the heat sinking efficiency, the rate of the pumping power increase, etc. When the pumping power is continuously changed at the rate R, the increment in the switching rate Δτswitch-1 is proportional to R2/3.
A very strong nonlinearity in the temperature dependence of the luminescence quantum yield in the Cr:LiSrGaF6 and Cr:LiSrAlF6 laser crystal can lead to a temperature induced intrinsic optical bistability in these materials. The bistability and the hysteresis loop in the dependence of the Cr luminescence intensity and the transmission of the crystal on cw pumping power has been theoretically predicted and experimentally observed. The experimental results are in a good agreement with the theoretical prediction.
Intrinsic optical bistability and dynamic hysteresis phenomenon, induced by nonlinear excitation and energy level coupling, are predicted theoretically in single Tm-doped laser crystal pumped at 648nm avalanche wavelength. Taking into account the dominant energy transfer processes including excited state absorption, cross relaxation, energy transfer up-conversion and decay of the metastable level Tm3+ 3F4, the analytical formula of avalanche threshold condition are deduced in the steady-state approximation. Based on the theory of microscopic coupled rate equations, intrinsic optical bistability and influence of system parameters on hysteresis loop are studied numerically in detail by using a four-order Runge-Kutta technique. The numerical results predict that intrinsic optical bistability of near 2 micrometer fluorescence emission relevant to Tm 3F4→3H6 transition is achievable experimentally in single Tm-doped laser crystal. For realization of low threshold optical bistability and notable bistable hysteresis loop, it is beneficial to properly increase Tm3+-doped concentration and suppress energy transfer up-conversion. Furthermore, the interesting results obtained numerically show that laser-induced thermal effect is not the indispensable factor for occurrences of intrinsic optical bistability in rear-earth-doped crystal. Cooperation of nonliear excitation and energy level coupling can essentially lead to intrinsic optical bistability in rear-earth-doped system.
Intrinsic optical bistability （IOB） in Tm3+/Yb3+ codoped laser crystal under 650 nm laser excitation is theoretically studied. Based on the theory of nonlinear coupled rate equations, we numerically analyze IOB evolutions of the populations at Tm3+/Yb3+ energy levels, and the influence of system parameters on IOB and the dynamic operation of bistable hysteresis loop. The simulation result shows the fluorescence IOB in visible-infrared spectra of Tm3+/Yb3+ codoped laser crystal under photon avalanche pumping scheme. It is found that IOB phenomena can be largely enhanced by optimizing the Tm3+/Yb3+ concentration ratio, choosing low phonon-energy crystal host and using crystal cooling technology, and also by tuning the pump laser to match the resonant frequency of Tm3+ excited-state absorption transition. Through tuning the pump laser wavelength and adjusting the rate of change in pump intensity, the controllable IOB switching can be achieved.