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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Excitation spectra of the one-dimensional double-exchange model: An exact solution for one mobile electron

K Nakano, R. Eder, Y. Ohta

Published Dec 17, 2012• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study the one-dimensional double-exchange model with L localized spins and one mobile electron. We solve the Schrödinger equation analytically and obtain the energies and wave functions for all the eigenstates with spin S = ( L − 1)***/2 exactly. As an application, we compute the single-particle Green's function. We show that, for vanishing exchange interactions between localized spins, the single-particle spectrum is entirely incoherent and the lowest band has an infinite band mass, i.e., the single electron is localized due to its interaction with the spin excitations. The analysis of the wave function gives us a particularly simple ground state.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/400/3/032066

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We study the one-dimensional double-exchange model with L localized spins and one mobile electron. We solve the Schrödinger equation analytically and obtain the energies and wave functions for all the eigenstates with spin S = ( L − 1)***/2 exactly. As an application, we compute the single-particle Green's function. We show that, for vanishing exchange interactions between localized spins, the single-particle spectrum is entirely incoherent and the lowest band has an infinite band mass, i.e., the single electron is localized due to its interaction with the spin excitations. The analysis of the wave function gives us a particularly simple ground state.
The spectra of two-hole and two-electron excitations are calculated for a single-band Hubbard Hamiltonian. These spectra are directly connected with the intensity of CVV Auger spectra and with the appearance potential spectra of transition metals with strong electron-electron interactions. The theory is based on a local decoupling procedure applied to the retarded two-particle double-time Green functions in the site representation. It is exact in four important limiting cases: in the non-interacting limit (U to 0), in the atomic limit (band width W to 0), in the limit of low concentration of electrons (n to 0) and holes (n to 2), and it provides a physically reasonable interpolation between these limits. In contrast with previous similar theories, it has proper transformation properties under the electron-hole transformation. The theory is illustrated numerically in a simplified model.
We investigate the ground state (T = 0 K) of the one-dimensional symmetrical (n = 1) Hubbard model formalized in terms of the system of integral equations, which we previously obtained using the method of the generating functional of Green’s functions with the subsequent Legendre transformation. In a wide range of variations in the parameter of Coulomb interaction U, the following characteristics of the system have been calculated: the electron density of states, the electron band spectrum, the number of doubly occupied lattice sites, the localized magnetic moment, the correlator of the square of the longitudinal component of spin at a site,<S Z 2>, and the internal energy of the system. It has been shown that, for all U > 0, the model yields two solutions, i.e., an antiferromagnetic insulator and a paramagnetic insulator, in which there are no single-electron quasi-particles at the Fermi level. The energy of the paramagnetic solution in the region of U < 1.1 is considerably less than that of the antiferromagnetic solution for the case of U > 1.1, we have the opposite situation.
Recently the properties of one-dimensional (1D) strongly interacting, very low-density electrons in the spin-incoherent regime have been under intense study. For sufficiently low densities the potential energy dominates the kinetic energy, making the electrons form a Wigner crystal with an exponentially small spin exchange energy. One can then easily reach the spin-incoherent regime where\nthe exchange energy is much smaller than the temperature. The physics of the spin-incoherent regime has been addressed using Bethe's Ansatz and a bosonized path integral approach, revealing that the spin incoherence dramatically influences the correlations of charge excitations. We here introduce a bosonization scheme for strongly interacting electrons, allowing us to generalize the description to account for the presence of a boundary. By calculating the exact single-electron Green's function we find that the charge sector power-law scaling is highly sensitive to the bound-\nary, strongly modifying the tunneling of electrons close to it. Our approach also allows for a detailed description of the crossover between boundary and bulk regimes.
The problem of the ground state of the electronic system in the Hubbard model for U=∞ is discussed. The author investigates the normal (singlet or nonmagnetic) N state of the electronic system over the entire range of electron densities n⩽1. It is shown that the energy of the N state ɛ 0 (1) (n) in a one-particle approximation, such as (e.g.) the extended Hartree-Fock approximation, is lower than the energy of the saturated ferromagnetic FM state ɛ FM(n) for all n. The dynamic magnetic susceptibility is calculated in the random phase approximation, and it is shown that the N state is stable over the entire range of electron densities: The static susceptibility (ω=0) does not have a band singularity in the zero-wave vector limit q→0. A formally exact representation is obtained for the mass operator of the one-particle Green’s function, and an approximation of this operator is proposed: M k(E)⋍λF(E), where λ=n(1−n)/(1−n/2)z is the kinematic interaction parameter, z is the number of nearest neighbors, and F(E) is the total single-site Green’s function. For an elliptical density of states the integral equation for F(E) is solved exactly, ad it is shown that the spectral intensity rigorously satisfies the sum rule. The calculated energy of the strongly correlated N state ɛ 0(n)<ɛ FM(n) for all n, and in light of this relationship the author discusses the hypothesis that the ground state of the system is the normal (singlet) state in the thermodynamic limit. The electron distribution function at T=0 differs significantly from the Fermi step; it is “smeared” along the entire energy spectrum, and discontinuities do not occur in the region of the chemical potential m.
Exact results for the one-hole excitation spectra of the one-dimensional half-filled Hubbard Hamiltonian are presented. We consider short chains of N=2, 4, 6 atoms and introduce modified periodic boundary conditions which allow us to make a comparison between different N and to extrapolate the results up to infinite chains. By the increasing weight of the scattering states in the one-hole spectrum, we demonstrate a gradual disappearance of the free-electron (band) picture with increasing local electron-electron interaction U. The exact spectra of the N=6 chain verify the results of second-order perturbation theory for U/W1, where W is the bandwidth. The extrapolation to the infinite system, made with the finite-cell-scaling method, gives the gap which agrees rather well with the exact result for U/W>0.2. The average energies and weights of the band and scattering states obtained with this method for an infinite chain do not differ significantly from those of the N=6 chain.