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Wireless Telecommunications Symposium

Impact of channel-dependent variation of path loss exponent on Wireless Information-Theoretic Security

Theofilos Chrysikos, Stavros A. Kotsopoulos

Published May 1, 2009• 22 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Recent published works have manifested a renewed interest in the impact of the wireless channel itself on the achievable level of secure information exchange between two or more communication nodes, in the presence of an undesired eavesdropper, developing the research field of Wireless Information-Theoretic Security (WITS). For quasi-static Rayleigh fading channels, information-theoretic security has been proven to be achievable even when the eavesdropper's channel has a better average Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) than the main channel, thus bypassing the limits considered in the classic AWGN-channels model. In these works, a typical value has been assigned to the path loss exponent that dominates the distance ratio (faction of distance between the legitimate receiver and the transmitter to the distance between the eavesdropper and the transmitter). Extensive research has proven, however, that the path loss exponent value varies according to the type and the intrinsic characteristics of the wireless channel in question. In our work, we take into account this variation of the path loss exponent and examine its impact on the secrecy capacity and the outage probability for a given normalized secrecy rate. Our results establish a link between the different types of wireless environment and the boundaries of secure communications.

DOI
10.1109/wts.2009.5068993

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Recent published works have manifested a renewed interest in the impact of the wireless channel itself on the achievable level of secure information exchange between two or more communication nodes, in the presence of an undesired eavesdropper, developing the research field of Wireless Information-Theoretic Security (WITS). For quasi-static Rayleigh fading channels, information-theoretic security has been proven to be achievable even when the eavesdropper's channel has a better average Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) than the main channel, thus bypassing the limits considered in the classic AWGN-channels model. In these works, a typical value has been assigned to the path loss exponent that dominates the distance ratio (faction of distance between the legitimate receiver and the transmitter to the distance between the eavesdropper and the transmitter). Extensive research has proven, however, that the path loss exponent value varies according to the type and the intrinsic characteristics of the wireless channel in question. In our work, we take into account this variation of the path loss exponent and examine its impact on the secrecy capacity and the outage probability for a given normalized secrecy rate. Our results establish a link between the different types of wireless environment and the boundaries of secure communications.
In this two-part paper, we consider the transmission of confidential data over wireless wiretap channels. The first part presents an information-theoretic problem formulation in which two legitimate partners communicate over a quasi-static fading channel and an eavesdropper observes their transmissions through another independent quasi-static fading channel. We define the secrecy capacity in terms of outage probability and provide a complete characterization of the maximum transmission rate at which the eavesdropper is unable to decode any information. In sharp contrast with known results for Gaussian wiretap channels (without feedback), our contribution shows that in the presence of fading information-theoretic security is achievable even when the eavesdropper has a better average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) than the legitimate receiver - fading thus turns out to be a friend and not a foe. The issue of imperfect channel state information is also addressed. Practical schemes for wireless information-theoretic security are presented in Part II, which in some cases comes close to the secrecy capacity limits given in this paper.
We consider the transmission of confidential data over wireless channels with multiple communicating parties. Based on an information-theoretic problem formulation in which two legitimate partners communicate over a quasi-static fading channel and an eavesdropper observes their transmissions through another independent quasi-static fading channel, we define the secrecy capacity in terms of outage probability and provide a complete characterization of the maximum transmission rate at which the eavesdropper is unable to decode any information. In sharp contrast with known results for Gaussian wiretap channels (without feedback), our contribution shows that in the presence of fading information-theoretic security is achievable even when the eavesdropper has a better average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) than the legitimate receiver - fading thus turns out to be a friend and not a foe.
This paper studies Wireless Information-Theoretic Security for low-speed mobility in autonomic networks. More specifically, the impact of user movement on the Probability of Non-Zero Secrecy Capacity and Outage Secrecy Capacity for different channel conditions has been investigated. This is accomplished by establishing a link between different user locations and the boundaries of information-theoretic secure communication. Human mobility scenarios are considered, and its impact on physical layer security is examined, considering quasi-static Rayleigh channels for the fading phenomena. Simulation results have shown that the Secrecy Capacity depends on the relative distance of legitimate and illegitimate (eavesdropper) users in reference to the given transmitter.
This paper presents a Wireless Information-Theoretic Security (WITS) scheme, which has been recently introduced as a robust physical layer-based security solution, especially for infrastructureless networks. An autonomic network of moving users was implemented via 802.11n nodes of an ad hoc network for an outdoor topology with obstacles. Obstructed-Line-of-Sight (OLOS) and Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) propagation scenarios were examined. Low-speed user movement was considered, so that Doppler spread could be discarded. A transmitter and a legitimate receiver exchanged information in the presence of a moving eavesdropper. Average Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) values were acquired for both the main and the wiretap channel, and the Probability of Nonzero Secrecy Capacity was calculated based on theoretical formula. Experimental results validate theoretical findings stressing the importance of user location and mobility schemes on the robustness of Wireless Information-Theoretic Security and call for further theoretical analysis.
Information security has been a very important issue in wireless networks. With the ever-increasing amount of data being exchanged over wireless networks, the confidentiality of information needs to be protected from unauthorized users called eavesdropper. Due to the broadcast nature of the wireless medium, the transmissions between legitimate users maybe overheard and intercepted by the unauthorized parties, which makes wireless transmission vulnerable to potential eavesdropping attacks. The security of wireless communications plays an increasingly important role in the cybercrime defense against unauthorized activities. We consider the wireless physical layer security which has been explored for the sake of enhancing the protection of wireless communications against eavesdroppers. We consider the problem of secret communication through Rayleigh fading channel in the presence of an eavesdropper in which the transmitter knows the channel state information of both the main and eavesdropper channel. Then, we analyze the average capacity of the main channel and eavesdropper channel from which an expression of secrecy capacity is derived based on the cumulative distribution function and probability density function of the signal to noise ratio. We also analyze an expression for the symbol error rate of the main channel, and the outage probability is obtained for the main transmission. Finally, we perform the numerical results in MATLAB.
The amount of sensitive data, which is transmitted wirelessly will increase with future technologies. This raises many questions about secure data transmission. Besides cryptography, information-theoretic security gained increasing attention over the recent years. Among others, it deals with the problem of secure data transmission on the physical layer to a legitimate receiver (Bob) in the presence of an eavesdropper (Eve). In this work, we investigate upper and lower bounds on the secrecy outage probability for slowly-fading wiretap channels with an arbitrary dependency structure between the fading channels to Bob and Eve. Both cases of absence of channel-state information at the transmitter (CSI-T) and availability of CSI-T of only the main channel to the legitimate receiver are considered. Furthermore, we derive explicit expressions for the upper and lower bounds for Rayleigh fading and compare them to the case of independent channels. The joint distribution of the legitimate and eavesdropper channels has a tremendous impact on the achievable secrecy outage probability. The bounds enable developing guaranteed secrecy schemes by only measuring the marginal channel distributions.